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Chapter 10
Complexity without the State
40
History
Undergraduate 2
11/05/2007

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Term
SOCIAL COMPLEXITY
Definition
means centralized power and authority norm
Term
LEGITIMACY
Definition
achieved when right of centralized authority to have power is accpeted
Term
MORTON FRIED
Definition
defined the four types of societies
Term
EGALITARIAN
Definition
status difference only by skill, age, and gender (band)
Term
RANKED SOCIETY
Definition
hierarchy of prestige not linked to age, gender, or ability (tribe)
Term
STRATIFIED SOCIETY
Definition
access to key resources is linked to prestige (chiefdom)
Term
STATE SOCIETIES
Definition
leadership backed by force
Term
V. GORDON CHILDE AND DEFINITION OF URBAN SOCIETIES/CITIES
Definition
urban revolution, focuesed on identifying cities there were 10 criteria to define urban centers
Term
BRUCE TRIGGER
Definition
comparative studies today allows us to better understand patterns and what is unique
Term
KARL WITTFOGEL
Definition
1957 developed the irrigation hypothesis
Term
IRRIGATION HYPOTHESIS
Definition
need to organize labor in arid zones to build and maintain irrigation and encourage the rise of oriental depotism
Term
ROBERT CARNEIRO
Definition
developed the circumscription hypothesis
Term
CIRCUMSCRIPTION MODEL
Definition
early states developed in circumscribed areas (natural or social barriers)
Term
STONEHENGE
Definition
massive stone structure in Salisbury Plains in England, started in Late Neolithic to Early Bronze age
Term
SARSEN CIRCLE AND TRILITHONS
Definition
phase 3b, sarsend stones are very hard stone found 30km away from the stonehenge
Term
BLUESTONES
Definition
ring of standing stones at center of Stonehenge, (stone is over 140km away)
Term
PRESELI MOUNTAINS
Definition
source of the bluestones in Wales 240km away
Term
AUBREY HOLES
Definition
wooden posts erected in a ring of holes dug along the inside of the ditch (phase 1)
Term
AMESBURY ARCHER
Definition
richest burial at the time (wrist guards, knifes, earrings, pots)
Term
BARBARA BENDER
Definition
believes stonehenge is attempt to "freeze" the past that lack a sense of ongoing historical process
Term
EARLY BRONZE AGE
Definition
4,500-3,500 stage 3 of stonehenge began
Term
PUEBLO BONITO
Definition
largest great house in Chaco Canyon, 650 rooms covers 2 acres
Term
CHACO CANYON
Definition
in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico, large houses
Term
FOUR CORNERS REGION
Definition
new mexico, arizona, utah, and colorado where social complexity increased
Term
GREAT HOUSES
Definition
large multi-story structures
Term
KIVAS
Definition
subterranean circular chambers
Term
JOE WATKINS
Definition
native American Indian who is archaeologist and professor at University of New Mexico
Term
CHACO NETWORK
Definition
over 200 miles of roads
Term
REMOTE SENSING
Definition
imaging used to discover and research sites from aerial views
Term
LYNN SEBASTIAN
Definition
around 1000 AD, increase in annual rainfall which increased agricultural surplus
Term
CAHOKIA
Definition
largest Mississippi settlement 1000-1400 AD
Term
MONK'S MOUND
Definition
massive earthen pyramid
Term
DENDROCHRONOLOGY
Definition
measuring concentric tree rings to date wood
Term
MOUND 72
Definition
adult male buried on bird-shaped platform, mass burials of sacrificed individuals
Term
FEASTING
Definition
feasting events were massive with more than 5000 deers
Term
GREAT ZIMBABWE
Definition
large settlements that includes remains of impressive stone enclosures
Term
CHAVIN DE HUANTAR
Definition
3000 year old major temple platforms, decorated w/strange rock sculptures, containing underground passages
Term
DHAKA
Definition
mixture of clay and gravel used for building huts at Great Zimbabwe
Term
CHALCOLITHIC, COPPER AGE
Definition
center of complex societies, monumental burials and ritual constructions, intensive agriculture, craft specialization
Term
ZAMBUJAL
Definition
intensive farming, craft specialization, and probable chiefdom
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