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Chapter 10 Cancer- Dr. Reed
Cancer Epidemiology, Manifestations, and Treatment
26
Pharmacology
Professional
11/13/2010

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Term
what are some environmental risks factors?
Definition
tobacco, ionizing radiation, ultraviolet radiation, alcohol consumption, sexual reproductive behavior, physical activity and much more.
Term

what environmental risk factor is linked to: 

Multipotent carcinogenic mixture
Linked to cancers of the lung, lower urinary tract, aerodigestive tract, liver, kidney, pancreas, cervix uteri
Linked to myeloid leukemia
Definition
tabacco
Term
what environmental risk factors changes in gap junction intercellular communication and  expose causes cell death, gene mutations, and chromosome aberrations
Definition
ionizing radiation
Term
what environmental risk factor causes basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma, UVA & UVB and promotes skin inflammation and releasr of free radicals
Definition
Ultraviolet radiation
Term
risk factors for oral cavity, pharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, esophagus, and liver cancer are all caused by
Definition
alcohol consumption
Term
 radon, dyes, rubber, paint, explosives, rubber cement, heavy metals, air pollution and etc are all
Definition
occupational hazards
Term
obesity correlates with the?
Definition
body mass index
Term
obesity in response to endocrine and metabolic signaling, adipose tissue releases free fatty acids. increased free fatty acids give rise to? and cause?
Definition
insulin resistance and causes chronic hyperinsulinemia
Term
Sleep disturbance, biochemical changes from circulating cytokines, secondary to disease and treatment, psychosocial factors, level of activity, nutritional status, and environmental factors are all suggested causes of ?
Definition
fatigue
Term
what is the most severe form of malnutrition?
Definition
cachexia
Term
a decrease of hemoglobin in the blood is
Definition
anemia
Term
clinical manifestations of cancers are?
Definition
pain, fatigue, cachexia, anemia, infection, and leukopenia & thrombocytopenia
Term
what type of cancer manifestation will effect risk increase when the absolute neutrophil and lymphocyte counts fall?
Definition
infection
Term
direct tumor invasion to the bone marrow causes
Definition
leukopenia and thrombocytopenia
Term
Symptom complexes that cannot be explained by the local or distant spread of the tumor or by the effects of hormones released by the tissue from which the tumor arose from
Definition
paraneoplastic syndromes
Term
the goal of chemotherapy is
Definition
to eliminate tumor cells so the body's defense can eradicate any remaining cells
Term

Chemotherapy:

the use of agents prior to surgery to reduce tumor size is?

Definition
neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Term

Chemotherapy:

effective dose needed to kill cancer relative to the dose that would be harmful to normal cells is

Definition
therapeutic index
Term

Chemotherapy:

the correlation between the dose of agnet and killing of cancer cells is

Definition
the prinicple of dose intensity
Term

Cancer treatment:

goals to eradicate cancer without excessive toxicity and avoid damage to normal structures

Definition
ionizing radiation
Term
what are some side effects of cancer treatment?
Definition
  • gastrointestinal tract
  • bone marrow
  • hair & skin
  • reproductive tract
Term
a specific method of treatment used to eliminate cancer cells w/o damaging normal tissues
Definition
immunotherapy
Term

side effects of cancer treatment:

oral ulcers, malabsorption, and diarrhea

Definition
gastrointestinal tract
Term

side effects of cancer treatment:

fatigue, decreased red platelet and white blood cells

Definition
bone marrow
Term

side effects of cancer treatment:

alopecia and skin erythema

Definition
hair and skin
Term

side effects of cancer treatment:

decreased fertility and premature menopause

Definition
reproductive tract
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