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Chapter 1 Vocabulary
This is Chapter One's Vocabulary terms
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Sociology
Undergraduate 2
08/06/2010

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Term

Sociology

 

 

Definition
The systematic study of human society.
Term

Sociological Perspective

 

 

Definition
Seeing the general in the particular. By this Peter Berger meant that sociology helps us see general patterns in the behavior of particular people.
Term

Global Perspective

 

 

Definition
The study of the larger world and our society's place in it.
Term

High Income Countries

 

 

Definition
The nations with the highest overall standards of living.
Term

Middle Income Countries

 

 

Definition
Nations with a standard of living about average for the world as a whole.
Term

Low Income Countries

 

 

Definition
Nations with a low standard of living in which most people are poor.
Term

Positivism

 

 

Definition
A scientific approach to knowledge based on "positive" facts are opposed to mere speculation.
Term

Theory

 

 

Definition
A statement of how and why specific facts are related.
Term

Theoretical Approach

 

 

Definition
A basic image of society that guides thinking and research.
Term

Structural Functional Approach

 

 

Definition
A framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability.
Term

Social Structure

 

 

Definition
Any relatively stable pattern of social behavior.
Term

Social Functions

 

 

Definition
The consequences of a social pattern for the operation of society as a whole.
Term

Manifest Functions

 

 

Definition
The recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern.
Term

Latent Functions

 

 

Definition
The unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern.
Term

Social Dysfunction

 

 

Definition
Any social pattern that may disrupt the operation of society.
Term

Social Conflict Approach

 

 

 

Definition
A framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change.
Term

Gender Conflict Approach

 

 

Definition
A point of view that focuses on inequality and conflict between men and women.
Term

Feminism

 

 

Definition
Support of social equality for women and men.
Term

Race Conflict Approach

 

 

Definition
A point of view that focuses on inequality and conflict between people of different racial and ethnic catergories.
Term

Macro Level Orientation

 

 

Definition
A broad focus on social structures that shape society as a whole.
Term

Micro Level Orientation

 

 

Definition
A Close Up focus on social interaction in specific situations.
Term

Symbolic Interaction Approach

 

 

Definition
A framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals.
Term
Positivist Sociology
Definition
The study of society based on scientific observation of social behavior
Term
Empirical Evidence
Definition
Information we can verify with our own senses.
Term
Science
Definition
A logical system that develops knowledge from direct, systematic observation.
Term
Concept
Definition
A mental construct that represents some aspect of the world in a simplified form.
Term
Variable
Definition
A concept whose value changes from case to case.
Term
Measurement
Definition
A procedure for determining the value of a variable in a specific case.
Term
Reliability
Definition
Consistency in measurement
Term
Validity
Definition
Actually measuring exactly what you intend to measure
Term
Correlation
Definition
A relationship in which two (or more) variables change together.
Term
Cause and Effect
Definition
A relationship in which change in one variable (the independent variable) causes change in another (the dependent variable).
Term
Interpretive Sociology
Definition
The study of society that focuses on discovering the meanings people attach to their social worlds.
Term
Critical Sociology
Definition
The study of society that focuses on the need for social change.
Term
Gender
Definition
The personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male.
Term
Research Method
Definition
a systematic plan for doing research.
Term
Experiment
Definition
A research method for investigating cause and effect under highly controlled conditions.
Term
Survey
Definition
A research method in which subjects respond to a series of statements or questions on a questionnaire or in an interview.
Term
Participant Observation
Definition
A research method in which investigators systematically observe people while joining them in their routine activities.
Term
Stereotype
Definition
A simplified description applied to every person in some catergory.
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