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What is Sociology?
21
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
09/10/2011

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Term
Sociology (1822)
Definition
An academic discipline, falling under the Social Sciences, as a field of study that seeks to explain the influence of the environment or Social forces that have an affect on people.
Term
Social Forces
Definition
-help to produce the interactions we have with one another
-we consider it to be global in nature
-because of different people and places, these forces must also be diversified.
Term
Positivism
Definition
-scientific method
-refeerred to in the beginning of sociology was first used by the scientist August Comte
-Auguste comte coined the term sociology
Term
Social Facts
Definition
1. People are being influenced without realizing it
2.People are born unique but are nurtured by their environment
3.If people notice how their environment creates a dramatic affect on the world, they might think and act differently
4.People can offer solutions to problems in their social world
5.(Comte) society can be seen as indicating order or statics as well as dynamics or (change)
Term
Sociological Imagination
Definition
-understanding the connection between history and our personal biography, having an awareness of the relationship between private experience and external influences in the wider social world.
Term
What is sociology used for?
Definition
-pure informational purposes
-transmitting knowledge to others
-audience is other sociologists or students of the discipline.
-applied sociology, audienc is usually one of clients, and the product is often change of some sort.
Term
investigation in sociology
Definition
-micro, messo, macro
-how detailed and how large the scope of investigation will entail.
-micro= intimate
-macro-large scale
Term
Sociology helps us understand the forces that affect our:
Definition
-sense of self
-relationships with and connections to others
-opportunities and barriers we encounter
Term
Social Facts
Definition
-extend beyond individuals who experience them.
-people feel compelled to comply
-a coercive power
-power is rarely felt unless a person goes against the established ways of doing things
Term
Emile Durkhiem
Definition
-argued that social facts, not personal circumstance, should be the object of study when addressing topics such as suicide

-focused on the division of labor and solidarity

-mechanical solidarity (social ties based on uniform thinking and behavior)
-organic solidarity (social ties based on interdependence and cooperation)
Term
Suicide results from problematic social ties
Definition
-egoistic (weak social ties).
-altrustic (strong social ties)
-anomic (disrupted social ties)
-fatalistic (oppressive social ties)
Term
Emergence of Sociology
Definition
-Industrial Revolution
-the Enlightenment
(triggered birth of sociology)
Term
Mechanization-
Definition
-Key feature of the Industrial Revolution
-process of replacing human and animal power with external sources of power such as burning wood, coal, oil, and natural gas
Term
Enlightenment
Definition
-100 year revolutionary intellectual and social movement in Europe and the United States.
Term
Enlightenment
Definition
-truth about the world can be seen through science or empirical observation
-people and societies can be studied
-the story of human history is progress.
-people can be changed in positive ways through education
-science, rather than religion, shoudl drive the study of people and the natural environment.
Term
Auguste Comte
Definition
-father of positivism: idea that valid knowledge about the world can only be derived from using the scientific method.
Term
Karl Marx
Definition
-socologist task is to analyze and explain conflict
-class conflict derived from opposing interests of exploited and exploiting classes
-Bourgeoise (owners of means of production)
-Proletariat (individuals who must sell labor to bourgeoisie)
Term
W.E.B. DuBius
Definition
-offered concept of the color line
-barrier supported by customs and laws separating whites from nonwhites
Term
1.Functionalist
2. Conflict
3. Symbolic Interaction
4. Feminism
Definition
1.-Functions (contributions made to order and stability)
-Dysfunctions (disruptions made to order and stability)

2.Dominant groups benefit at the expense of subordinate groups
-seek to document structual inequalities
-what practices that dominat groups established to protect their interests.
3.social interaction- everyday encounters with people
-focus on self-awateness, shared symbols, negotiated order
4. Stress gender as the key to understating social interactions.
Term
Research Process:
Definition
-determining the topic or research question
-reviewing the literature
-choose a research design
-Identify variables and hypotheses
-Collecting and analyzing data
-Drawing conclusions
Term
research design
Definition
-plan for gathering data that specifies the population to be studied.
-portion of the cases from the population of interest
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