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Details Title: Chapter 1 & 2 SOFTWARE Description: At Certification Total Flash Cards: 73 Created: 09/19/2005 07:46:59	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Centeral Processing Unit Definition Also called a microprocessor the microchip the os uses for processing all data and instruction most important microchip in the system Term operating system Definition computer program that controls a computer Term Dos Definition *1st operating system among IBM computers and IBM compatible computers *Outdated as of today as an option for desktop computers *Sometimes used in specialized systems-trouble shooting when a windows os fails Term Windows 9x/me Definition *true os with a dos core that provide a user interface Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows Me Term Windows NT Definition Two versions: Nt for workstation and windows NT server to control a Network- built on NEW TECHNOLOGY doesn't support plug N Play Term Windows 2000 Definition update for windows NT, comes in four versions: 1)Windows 2000 Professional (popular os for the corporate desktop) 2)Windows 2000 Server 3)Advance Server 4)Data Center Server (network server OS) Term Windows XP Definition two versions XP HOME & XP Professional 64 bit Term unix Definition popular os used to control networks and to support applications used on the internet Term Linux Definition down scale version of Unix provided in basic form, free of charge, includes open access to the programming code of the os, often used for server applications Term os/2 Definition devolped by IBM & Microsoft, less common for home desktop PCS, used in certain types of networks- Microsoft developed windows NT using some of the core components of os/2=intended to replace os/2 Term Mac os Definition available only for apple macintosh computers and is often used for graphics and educational settings Term operating System 4 main functions Definition Managing hardware, managing files, providing a user interface,managing applications Term Operating Systems two main components Definition the Shell & Kernal Term Shell Definition portioin of the os that relates to the user and applications Term Core/Kernal Definition responisble for interacting with hardware-has more power to communicate with hardware devices than the shell, so that applications operating under the os cannot get to hardware devices with out the shell passing those request to the kernal Term Registry Definition database windows uses to store hardware & software configuration information,user preferences, and set up information. Term Initialization Files Definition an ini.or inf. extension= configuration information files for windows Term Command-Driven Interface Definition type commands to tell the os to perform operations Dos and Unix use command driven interfaces Term Menu-Driven Interface Definition choose from a list of options displayed on screen (Windows Explorer) Using Drop down menus you can format disk,rename files, and perform many other operations to manage files and storage devices Term Icon-Driven Interfaces Definition Also caled a graphical user interface or (GUI) performs operations by selecting icons on the screen Term desktop Definition screen that appears when os is first executed Term thread Definition process that cpu is aware of Term Real Mode Definition 16 bit mode Term Protected Mode Definition 32 bit mode much faster than 16 bit mode processes twice as much data at a time Term FAT Definition File allocation table Term file allocation table Definition (FAT) a table on a hard drive or floppy disk that tracks the locations of files on disk Term Tracks Definition concentric circles on a disk surface Term sector Definition segments that divide a track Term cluster Definition smallest unit of space on a disk for storing data and is made up of one or more sectors Term FAT32 Definition most recent version of FAT/more efficent method of organization for large hard drives than FAT 16 Term RAM Definition random access memory-memory modules on the motherboard containing microchips used to temporarily hold data and programs while the CPU processes both. Information in RAM is losted when computer is turned off! Term types of RAM modules Definition 240-pin DDR2 DIMM 184 pin RIMM 184 pin DDR DIMM 168 pin DIM 72 pin SIMM 30 pin SIM Term Advantages of Dos ***DOS PRIMARY USE IS FOR TROUBLE SHOOTING** Definition *still an option doe some specialized applications using dedicated computer that doesn't invovle heavy user interaction *Boot & troubleshoot with a more sphisticated os fails *Runs on a small inexpensive microcomputer with a minimum amount of memory and hard drive space *text based dos programs are faster and more compact than comparable graphics inensive GUI programs *Some older Applications are still in use today that were written for DOS & older hardware because of low overhead of Dos com. to more modern os Term Dis-advantages to DOS Definition *memory management is awkard and sometimes slow * NO icon-driven interface *only single tasking *not designed for use on networks-a separate software program is necessary for a dos machine to access a network *last stand alone version of dos is dos 6.22 -dosen't take advantage of many new CPU features *hardly any new software is being written for dos Term WINDOWS 9X/ME Definition plug and play was introduced by windows 95- was an improved more automated method of installing new hardware devices ***REMEMBER THAT 9X/ME HAVE A DOS CORE*** *backwards compatible -compatible with older software and hardware while taking advantage of New Technology *is the bridge from dos to windows NT Term device driver Definition a program stored on the hard drive that tells the computer how to communicate with an input/output devices such as printer or modem Term windows 3.x + DOS Definition 16 bit core 16 bit device drivers Term Windows 9x/me Definition 16 bit and 32 bit core 16 bit device driver 32 bit device driver Term windows NT Definition 32 bit core 32 bit device drivers Term windows 95 recommended minimum hardware requirments for windows Definition Processor:486 or higher RAM: 8 MB Free hard drive space:50 MB Term Windows 98 recommended minimum hardware requirments for windows Definition Processor: Pentium RAM: 24 MB Free disk drive space: 195 MB Term Windows ME recommended minimum hardware requirments for windows Definition Processor:Pentium 150MHZ RAM: 32MB Free hard drive space:320 MB Term What is faster PCI Slots or ISA slots? Definition PCI slots are faster because they are 32 bit ISA are only 1 bit ISA are less common because because new os do not offer backwards compatablity Term What is AGP bus/slot used for? Definition Accelerated Graphics Port- a bus or slot on the motheroard used for a single video card Term According to microsoft what makes a BIOS a good BIOS? Definition ACPI compliant Term what os does not support plug n play? Definition windows NT-wasn't built in the os- NT was for a server Plug N Play was first supported in windows 9x/me Term what os dosen't require BIOS plug n play to aid in configuration? Definition windows 2000 & XP Term how do you know if a cmos battery is dead? Definition on inital start up there is a note that says system date not set Term what are two thingsthat must happen for programs to be stored on a drive? Definition 1) load into RAM 2) assigned memory address Term what is the group of standard that governers how a hard drive should work? Definition EIDE-enhanced integrated drive electronics-standard for managing the interface between secondary storage and a computers system IDE-Integrated Drive Electonics Term does NTFS or FAT32 yield more file storage? Definition NTFS because the magnetic material on the hard drive is much more magnetic Term what is another name for a logical drive? Definition volume Term what are 4 ways to start application from desktop? Definition programs,icon,run, or windows explorer Term How are BIOS and DEVICE DRIVERS the same? Definition deal with specific hardware devices Term what is the only program that can be accessed from RUN? Definition regedit the REGISTRY Term what 3 text files does windows 9x support when loading? Definition autoexec.bat (or batch files)which loads config.sys sys,ini which loads drivers Term three names of a directory created under another directory are? Definition sub directory child directory FOLDERs Term Where does windows keep information about installed drivers? Definition registry Term what is the os that has changed most radically? Definition DOS Term where can we view bios? Definition through cmos setup Term what are 4 resources used to manage hardware? Definition 1)IRQ (interupt that hardware generates) 2)MEMORY ADDRESSES (directs to place in memory) 3)I/O Addresses (hardware addresses) 4)DMA channels (direct memory addressing Term why is there less of a need for DMA? Definition proccessors are faster Term what are 3 ways to control hardware devices? Definition ROM BIOS,Device Drivers,directly Term how can you determine if BIOS or DEVICE DRIVER is controlling a device? Definition if device is configured using CMOS setup BIOS is controlling it, is the devices is configured using the os the driver controls it. Term partition Definition can be primarly partition or extended partition.A primary partition can have one logical drive and an extended partition can have one or more logical drives Term directory table Definition list of files and subdirectories Term root directory Definition main directory created when a hard drive is first formatted Term BIOS IS A BASIC______ & ______ system. Definition input/output Term start up bios Definition part of the system BIOS that is responsible for controlling the PC when it is first turned on. start-up bios gives control over to the operating system once it is loaded Term ISA SLOTS Definition an 8-bit or 16-bit slot first used in the 1980s on motherboards -sometimes still used today-industry standard architecture Term PCI Definition Peripheral Component Interconnect BUS-invented for devices that are faster than 16 bit ISA bus, can not run as fast as the bus between memory and the CPU Term memory address Definition numbers addigned to each usable cell of memory, done normally when os is first loaded Term what does CMOS stand for? Definition complementary metal oxide semiconductor