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Chap. 23 Respiratory Physiology
Vocabulary and Processes
24
Physiology
Undergraduate 2
03/26/2013

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Term
Pulmonary Ventilation
Definition
breathing, inspiration, & expiration
Term
Boyle's Law
Definition
  • Pulmonary ventilation- breathing
  • Physics of gases
  • Gases move from high pressure to low press.
  • Pressure of a gas determined by its volume
    • inc vol. = decr. press.
    • decr. vol.= inc. press.
Term
Inspiration (Inhaling)
Definition
  • Pulmonary ventilation
  • Active process (req. energy)
  • Diaphragm & intercostals contract
  • Inc. vol. of thoracic cavity
  • Dec. press. of thoracic cavity below atmospheric press.
  • Air rushes in
Term
Expiration (Exhaling)
Definition
  • Pulmonary Ventilation
  • Passive process (no energy req.)
  • Diaphragm & intercostal relax
  • decr. vol. of thoracic cavity
  • incr. press. of thoracic cavity above atmospheric press.
  • Air rush out
Term
Tidal
Definition
amt. of air inhaled & exhaled at rest (~500ml)
Term
Insipiratory Reserve
Definition
addditional amt. of air beyond tidal that can be inhaled (~3000ml)
Term
Expiratory Reserve
Definition
additional amt. of air beyond tidal that can be exhailed (~1200ml)
Term
Total Pressure
Definition
  • Amt. of total capicities
  • Insipiratory + Expiratory + Residual + Tidal
Term
External Respiration
Definition
gas exchange -/- alveoli & BL
Term
Dalton's Law
Definition
  • Gases in a mixture are independent of one another
    • Total pressure of mixture of gases = sum of partial of each gas
    • Gases moved from high partial pressure to low partial pressure
    • Pressure determines gas exchange- make deoxygenated BL oxygenated
Term
Partial Pressure
Definition
the pressure of a specific gas in mixture
Term
Henry's Law
Definition
  • Each gas has unique solubility coefficent
    • Solubity influenced by partial pressure
Term
Internal Respiration
Definition
gas exchange -/- BL & tissues
Term
Inspiratory Area
Definition
  • Neural ctrl of respiration
  • Spontaneously active (like SA node of heart)
  • Set restung rate (12-15 beats)
Term
Expiratory Area
Definition
  • Neural ctrl of respiration
  • Forced expiration when active (exiratory reserve)
Term
Pneumotaxic Area
Definition
  • Neural control of respiration
  • pneumo= air or breathing, taxic= arrangement
  • decreased inspiration/ increased expiration
Term
Apneustic Area
Definition
  • Neural control of respiratory
  • increased inspiration/ decreased expiration
Term
Pleurisy
Definition
  • Inflammation of pleural membrane
  • Generates pains as inhale
Term
Pneumonia
Definition
  • Inflammation of the alveoli
  • Alveoli fill up with fluid, limiting gas exchange
Term
Emphysema
Definition
  • Alveoli lose elasticity
  • Alveolar wall eventually distegrates
  • Caused by exposure to atmospheric toxins
Term
Resipratory Distress Syndrome
Definition
  • Alveoli lack surfactant (help keeps alveoli from collasping)
  • Alveoli collapse & inner wall adhere so alveoli dont reinflate
  • Due to genetic mutation
Term
Tuberculosis
Definition
  • Begins as inflammation of pleural membrane
  • Inflammation spreads to lung tissue
  • Lung tissue gradually destroyed
Term
Asthma
Definition
  • Sparm of bronchide smooth muscle
  • Intiated by allergic response, inflammation, etc
Term
Surfactant
Definition
a wetting agent in the lungs
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