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Chap 4 Body Structure
Western Medical Terminology
152
Medical
Undergraduate 1
09/14/2009

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Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
Gel-like substance that surrounds the nucleus of a cell but is contained within the cell membrane
Term
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Definition
(DNA) Molecule that holds genetic information and makes an exact copy of itself whenever the cell divides
Term
diagnosis
Definition
Identification of a diseas or condition by scientific evaluation of physical signs, symptoms, history, laboratory and clinical test results, and radiographic procedures
Term
endoscope
Definition
Instrument consisting of a rigid or flexible fiberoptic tube and optical system for observing the inside of a hollow organ or cavity
Term
eitology
Definition
study of causes of disease
Term
fluoroscope
Definition
instrument consisting of an x-ray maching and a florecent screen, used to view the internal organs
Term
idiopathic
Definition
pertaining to condition without clear pathogensis, or disease without recognizable cause as of spontaneous orign
Term
metabolism
Definition
chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism and produce energy and basic materials needed for all life processes
Term
prognosis
Definition
prediction of the course and end of a disease and the estimated chance of recovery
Term
sign
Definition
objective evidence or manifestation of an illness or a disordered function of the body
Term
symptom
Definition
any change in the body or its functions as perceived by the patient
Term
Midsagittal (median)
Definition
Righ and left halves
Term
Coronal (frontal)
Definition
Anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) aspects
Term
Transverse (horizontal)
Definition
Supeior (upper) and inferior (lower) aspects
Term
Thoracic cavity
Definition
Heart, Lungs, and associated structures
Term
Abdominopelvic cavity
Definition
Digestive, excretory, and reproductive organs and structures
Term
Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
Definition
Right lobe of liver, gallbladder, part of pancreas part of the small and large intestines
Term
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Definition
Left lobe of liver, stomach, spleen, part of pancreas, part of small and large intestines
Term
Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
Definition
Part of the small and large intestines, appendix, right ovary, right fallopian tube, right ureter
Term
Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
Definition
Part of the samll and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter
Term
Left hypochondriac region
Definition
Upper left region beneath the ribs
Term
Epigastric
Definition
Region above the stomach
Term
Right hypochondriac region
Definition
Upper right region beneath the ribs
Term
Left lumbar region
Definition
Left middle lateral region
Term
Umbilical region
Definition
region of the naval
Term
Right lumber region
Definition
Right middle lateral region
Term
Left inguinal (iliac) region
Definition
Left lower lateral region
Term
Hypogastric region
Definition
Lower middle region beneath the navel
Term
Right inguinal (iliac)
Definition
Right lower lateral region
Term
Parietal
Definition
Pertaining to the outer wall of the body cavity
Term
Visceral
Definition
pertaining to the viscera, or internal organs, especially in the abdominal organs
Term
Prone
Definition
Lying horizontal with the face downward, or indicating the hand with palms turned downward
Term
Supine
Definition
Lying on the back with the face upward or indicating the postiion of the hand or foot with the palm or foot facing upward
Term
Inversion
Definition
Turning inward or inside out
Term
Eversion
Definition
Turning outward
Term
Palmar
Definition
Pertaining to the palm of the hand
Term
Plantar
Definition
Pertaining to the sole of the foot
Term
cyt/o
Definition
cell
Term
hist/o
Definition
tissue
Term
nucle/o
Definition
nucleus
Term
kary/o
Definition
nucleus
Term
anter/o
Definition
anterior, front
Term
caud/o
Definition
tail
Term
crani/o
Definition
cranim (skull)
Term
dist/o
Definition
far, farthest
Term
dors/o
Definition
back (of body)
Term
infer/o
Definition
lower, below
Term
later/o
Definition
side
Term
medi/o
Definition
middle
Term
poster/o
Definition
back (of body), behind, posterior
Term
proxim/o
Definition
near, nearest
Term
ventr/o
Definition
belly, belly side
Term
cervic/o
Definition
neck, cervix uteri (neck of uterus)
Term
ili/o
Definition
ilium (lateral flaring portion of hip bone)
Term
inguin/o
Definition
groin
Term
lumb/o
Definition
loins, lower back
Term
umbilic/o
Definition
navel
Term
pelv/i or /o
Definition
pelvis
Term
thorac/o
Definition
chest
Term
albin/o
Definition
white
Term
leuk/o
Definition
white
Term
chlor/o
Definition
green
Term
chrom/o
Definition
color
Term
cirrh/o
Definition
yellow
Term
jaund/o
Definition
yellow
Term
xanth/o
Definition
yello
Term
cyan/o
Definition
blue
Term
erythr/o
Definition
red
Term
melan/o
Definition
black
Term
poli/o
Definition
gray; gray matter (of brain or spinal cord)
Term
acr/o
Definition
extremity
Term
eti/o
Definition
cause
Term
fasci/o
Definition
band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)
Term
idi/o
Definition
unknown, peculiar
Term
morph/o
Definition
form, shape, structure
Term
path/o
Definition
disease
Term
radi/o
Definition
radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on the thumb side)
Term
somat/o
Definition
body
Term
son/o
Definition
sound
Term
viscer/o
Definition
internal organs
Term
xer/o
Definition
dry
Term
-gnosis
Definition
kowing
Term
ab-
Definition
away from
Term
ad-
Definition
towards
Term
infra-
Definition
below, under
Term
hetero-
Definition
differnt
Term
homeo-
Definition
same; alike
Term
peri-
Definition
around
Term
super-
Definition
upper; above
Term
trans-
Definition
across, through
Term
ultra-
Definition
excess, beyond
Term
adhesion
Definition
abnormal fibrous band that holds normally separated tissues together, usually occuring within a body cavity
Term
analyte
Definition
Substance being analyzed or tested, generally by means of a chemical
Term
contrast medium
Definition
in radiology, a substance that is injected into the body, introduced via catheter, or swallowed to facilitate radiographic imaging of interanl structures that otherwise are difficult to visualize on x-ray film
Term
dehiscence
Definition
bursting open of a wound, especially a surgical abdominal wound
Term
febrile
Definition
Feverish; pertaining to fever
Term
homeostasis
Definition
relative constancy or equilibrim in the internal environment of the body, which is maintained by the every-changing processes of feed-back and regulation in response to external or internal changes

homeo-:same, alike
-stasis standing still
Term
inflammation
Definition
Body defense against injury, infection, or allergy marked by redness, swelling, heat, pain and sometimes, loss of function
Term
morbid
Definition
Diseased, pertaining to a disease
Term
nuclear medicine
Definition
Branch of medicine concerned with the use of radioactive substances for diagnosis, treatment, and research
Term
radiology
Definition
Medical discipline concerned with the use of electromagnetic radiation, ultrasound, and imaging techniques for diagnosis and treatment of disease and injury
Term
diagnostic
Definition
Medical imaging using external sources of radiation to evaluate body structures and functions of organs
Term
interventional
Definition
Use of imaging techniques in the nonsurgical treatment of various disorders, such as balloon angioplasty and cardiac catheterization
Term
therapeutic
Definition
Use of ionizing radiation in the treatment of malignant tumors; also called "radiation oncology"
Term
radionuclides
Definition
Substances that emit radiation spontaneously; also called "tracers"
Term
radiopharmaceutical
Definition
Radionuclide attached to a protein, sugar, or other substance that travels to the organ or body area tha will be scanned
Term
scan
Definition
Term used to describe a computerized image by modality (such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance, and nuclear) or by structure (such as thyroid and bone)
Term
sepsis
Definition
Pathological state, usually febrile, resulting from the presence of microorganisms or their products in the bloodstream
Term
suppurative
Definition
Producing or associated with generation of pus
Term
endoscopy
Definition
Visual examination of a cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument called an "endoscope"
Term
laparoscopy
Definition
Visual examination of the organs of the pelvis and abdomen throught very small incisions in the abdominal wall
Term
thoraoscopy
Definition
Examination of the lungs, pleura, and pleural space with a scope inserted through a small incision between the ribs
Term
complete blood count
Definition
Common blood test that enumerates red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets; measures hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying molecule in red blood cells); estimates red cell volume; and sorts white blood cells into five subtypes with their percentages
Term
urinalysis
Definition
Common urine test that evaluates the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine
Term
Computed tomography (CT) scan
Definition
Imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intesity of transmitted rays from differnt angels; formerly called "computerized axial tomography"
Term
Doppler
Definition
Ultrasound technique used to detect and measure blood-flow velocity and direction through the cardiac chambers, valves, and peripheral vessels by relecting sound waves off of moving blood cells
Term
flouroscopy
Definition
Radiographic technique in which x-rays are directed through the body to a flourescent screen that displays continuous imaging of the motion of internal structures and immediate serial images
Term
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Definition
Noninvasive imaging technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field rather than and x-ray beam to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images
Term
nuclear scan
Definition
Diagnostic technique that uses a radioactive material (radiopharmaceutical) introduced into the body (inhaled, ingested, or injected) and a scanning device to determine size, shape, location, and function of various organs and structures
Term
positron emission tomography (PET)
Definition
Scan using computed tomography to record the positrons (positive charged particles) emitted from a radiopharmaceutical, producing a cross-sectional image of metabolic activity in body tissues to determine the presence of disease
Term
radiography
Definition
Image produced when an x-ray is passed through the body or area and captured on a film; also called x-ray
Term
single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
Definition
Noninvasive imaging technique that provides clear, three-dimensional pictures of a major organ by injecting a radionuclide and detecting the emitted radiation using a special device called a gamma camera
Term
tomography
Definition
Radiographic technique that produces an image representing a detailed cross-section or "slice" of an area, tissue, or organ at a predetermined depth
Term
ultrasonography (US)
Definition
Image produced by high-frequency sound waves (ultrsound) and displaying the reflected "echoes" on a monitor; also called ultrasound, sonography and echogram
Term
biopsy
Definition
Representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microsopic examination, usually to established diagnosis
Term
needle
Definition
Removal of a small tissue sample for examination using a hollow needle, usually attached to a syringe
Term
punch
Definition
Removal of a small core tissue using a hollow instrument (punch), usually attached to a syringe
Term
shave
Definition
Removal of tissue using a surgical blade to shave elevated lesions
Term
frozen section
Definition
Ultra-thin slice of tissue cut from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination
Term
ablation
Definition
Removal of a part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freezing, or radiofrequency (RF)
Term
anastomosis
Definition
Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
Term
cauterize
Definition
Destroy tissue by electricty, freezing, heat or corrosive chemicals
Term
curettage
Definition
Scraping of a body cavity with a spoon-shaped instrument called a "curette" (curet)
Term
incision and drainage (I&D)
Definition
Incision made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a wound or cavity
Term
laser surgery
Definition
Surgical technique employing a device that emits intense heat and power at close range to cut, burn, vaporize, or destroy tissues
Term
radical dissection
Definition
Surgical removal of tissue in an extensive area surrounding the surgical site in an attempt to excise all tissue that may be malignant to decrease the chance of recurrence (such as radical mastectomy)
Term
resection
Definition
Partial excision of a bone, organ, or other structure
Term
ant
Definition
anterior
Term
AP
Definition
anteroposterior
Term
Bx, bx
Definition
biopsy
Term
CT
Definition
computed tomography
Term
CT scan, CAT scan
Definition
computed (axial) tomography scan
Term
DSA
Definition
digital subtraction angiography
Term
Dx
Definition
diagnosis
Term
LAT, lat
Definition
lateral
Term
PA
Definition
posteroanterior; pernicious anemia
Term
sono
Definition
sonogram
Term
SPECT
Definition
single photon emission computed tomography
Term
Sx
Definition
symptom
Term
Tx
Definition
treatment
Term
U&L, U/L
Definition
upper & lower
Term
US
Definition
ultrasound
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