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Ch. 9 final
Photosynethisis
18
Biology
9th Grade
06/13/2010

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Term
ATP
Definition
An energy molecule that is stores energy in its chemical bonds.
Term
ADP
Definition
A molecule that can have a phosphate group added to it to create ATP.
Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
The process that uses the sun’s energy to make simple sugars.
Term
Light-Dependant Reactions
Definition
Convert light energy into chemical energy.
Term
Light-Independent Reactions
Definition
Uses the chemical energy from the light-dependant reactions to make simple sugars.
Term
Pigment
Definition
Molecules that absorb specific wavelengths of light.
Term
Chlorophyll
Definition
The most common pigment in a photosystem.
Term
Electron transport chain
Definition
A series of proteins embedded in the thylakoid membrane.
Term
NADP+
Definition
An electron carrier molecule.
Term
Photolysis
Definition
The process of replacing lost electrons by splitting water.
Term
Calvin Cycle
Definition
Another name for light-independent reactions.
Term
Cellular Respiration:
Definition
The process by which mitochondria break down food molecules to create ATP.
Term
Anaerobic
Definition
No oxygen is required.
Term
Aerobic
Definition
Oxygen is required.
Term
Glycolysis
Definition
A series of chemical reactions in the cytoplasm of a cell that break down glucose, a six-carbon compound, into two three carbon compounds called pyruvic.
Term
Citric Acid Cycle
Definition
A series of chemical reactions which is similar to the Calvin cycle because it recycles the molecule used first.
Term
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Definition
One of the processes that supplies energy when oxygen is scarce, using two molecules of pyruvic acid and NADH to form two molecules of lactic acid, releasing NAD+ to be used in glycolysis, allowing two ATP molecules to be formed.
Term
Alcoholic Fermentation
Definition
A form of fermentation which is used by yeast cells and some bacteria.
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