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Chapter 8
Alcohol: Social Beverage
19
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 3
05/07/2013

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Term
ethyl alcohol
Definition
The product of fermentation of natural sugars. It is generally referred to simply as alcohol, though several types of nonethyl alcohol exist.
Term
fermentation
Definition
the process of converting natural sugars into ethyl alcohol by the action of yeasts
Term
brewing
Definition
The process of producing beer from barley grain.
Term
barley malt
Definition
barley after it has been soaked in water, sprouts have grown, sprouts have been removed and the mixture has been dried and crushed to a powder.
Term
mash
Definition
fermented barley malt, following liquefaction and combination with yeasts
Term
distillation
Definition
a process by which fermented liquid is boiled and then cooled, so that the condensed product contains a higher concentration of alcohol than before
Term
distilled spirits
Definition
the liquid product of distillation, also known as liquor
Term
aqua vitae
Definition
A brandy, the first distilled liquor in recorded history.
Term
temperance movement
Definition
the social movement in the US, beginning in the 19th century, that advocated the renunciation of alcohol consumption.
Term
oxidation
Definition
a chemical process in alcohol metabolism
Term
alcohol dehydrogenase
Definition
an enzyme in the stomach and liver that converts alcohol into acetaldehyde
Term
acetaldehyde
Definition
a by-product of alcohol metabolism, produced through the action of alcohol dehydrogenase
Term
acetic acid
Definition
a by-product of alcohol metabolism produced through the action of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
Term
blood-alcohol concentration (BAC)
Definition
the number of grams of alcohol in the blood relative to 100 milliliters of blood, expressed as a percentage.
Term
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Definition
A hormone that acts to reabsorb water in the kidneys prior to excretion from the body
Term
antidiuresis
Definition
A condition resulting from excessive reabsorption of water into the kidneys
Term
congeners
Definition
Nonethyl alcohols, oils, and other organic substances found in trace amounts in some distilled spirits.
Term
blackout
Definition
amnesia concerning events occurring during the period of alcoholic intoxication, even though consciousness had been maintained at that time
Term
balanced placebo design
Definition
an experimental design that can distinguish psychological effects (due to subjective expectations) from physiological effects (due to the pharmacology of the drug).
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