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Ch. 6
Photosynthesis
18
Biology
Undergraduate 4
02/13/2012

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Term
Autotroph
Definition
photosynthetic organisms, including plans, algae, and cyanobacteria are called autotrophs because they produce their own food (carbohydrates).
Term
Chloroplasts
Definition
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast . membrane-bounded organel in algae and plants with chlorophyll-containing membranous thylakoids.
Term
Thylakoid
Definition
Flattened sac within a granum whose membrane contains chlorophyll and where the light reactions of photosynthesis occurs.
Term
Stroma
Definition
Fluid within a chloroplast that contains enzymes involved in the synthesis of carbohydrates during photosynthesis.
Term
Stomata
Definition
Small openings between two guard cells on the underside of lead epidermis through which gas passes.
Term
Redox Reactions
Definition
Photosynthesis is a redox reactions that releases O2. Oxidation is the loss of an electron, reduction is the gain of an electron - together the process is called a redox reaction.
Term
Light Reactions
Definition
Portion of photosynthesis that captures solar energy and takes place on thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts; it produces ATP and NADPH.
Term
Light Dependent Reactions
Definition
Water and sunlight used to form ATP andNADHP.
Term
Light Independent Reactions
Definition
– Products of light dependent reaction required to
run Calvin cycle
– ATP & NADPH used to fix carbon to produce glucose
– CO2 reduced to form CH2O
Term
Calvin Cycle Reaction
Definition
Portion of photosynthesis that takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts and can occur in the dark, it uses the products of light reactions to reduce CO2 and carbohydrate.
Term
NADP
Definition
Nicotinamude adenine dinucleotide phosphate. NADP+ accepts electrons and hydrogen ion derived from water.
Term
NADPH
Definition
After NADP accepts an electron it becomes NADPH. ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions are used by the Calvin Cycle.
Term
Photosystems I & II
Definition
Photosynthetic unit where solar energy is absorbed and high energy electrons are generated; contains a pigment complex and an electron acceptor
Term
Electron Transport Chain
Definition
ETC - passage of electrons along a series of membrane-bounded carrier molecules from a higher to lower energy level; the energy released is used for the synthesis of ATP
Term
Proton
Definition
positive subatomic particle, located in the nucleus and having a weight of approx. one atomic mass unit
Term
proton gradient
Definition
Term
ATP Synthesis
Definition
complex formed of enzymes and their carrier proteins; functions in the production of ATP in chloroplasts and mitochondria
Term
Describe the Process of Photosynthesis
Definition
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