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CH. 50: endocrine
Term I: Pharm FINAL (FSCJ)
62
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
04/25/2011

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Term
What is another name for the Pituitary Gland?
Definition
Hypophysis
Term
What is located at the base of the brain (hypothalmus)
Definition
pituitary gland/hypophysis
Term
What are the 2 lobes of pituitary gland called?
Definition
anterior: adenohypophysis
Posterior: neurohypophysis
Term
What is the most important "master gland" in the pituitary gland?
Definition
adenohypophysis
Term
What stimulates release of hormones from thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, gonads?
Definition
anterior pituitary gland: adenohypophysis
Term
What are 3 anterior pituitary gland hormones?
Definition
GH, TSH, ACTH
Term
What is the growth hormone responsible for?
Definition
tissue and bone growth
Term
What are 2 Growth hormone deficiency drugs?
Definition
somatrem (Protropin)
somatropin (Humatrope)
Term
What does too little GH develop if not given the drug to correct?
Definition
dwarfism which can cause diabetes if given long term
Term
What are drug prototypes for GH suppressants?
Definition
bromocriptine (Parlodel) octreotide (Sandostatin)
Term
What is name of condition from overproduction of GH?
Definition
Acromegaly or Gigantism
Term
What does the TSH stimulate?
Definition
stimulates the thyroid gland to release certain hormones
Term
TSH is secreted in response to what hormone?
Definition
TRH from the hypothalmus
Term
What is ACTH secreted in response to?
Definition
corticotrophin releasing factor
Term
What does ACTH stimulate?
Definition
adrenal gland to release glucocorticoids (Cortisol) and mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone)
Term
How is the Prototype drug: ACTHAR administered and what are the nursing interventions?
Definition
given IV and IM. Watch K+ and blood sugars
Term
what does the posterior pituitary gland secrete?
Definition
ADH (Vasopressin)--reabsorbs water in kidney tubules and oxytocin (contracts smooth muscle)
Term
What is it called if patient has ADH defiency?
Definition
Diabetes insipidus
Term
What is done for ADH replacement for defiency?
Definition
DDAVP or Pitressin to compensate
Term
How is too much ACTH managed?
Definition
diuretics, antihypertensives
Term
What does the thyroid gland secrete?
Definition
T3 and T4
Term
What is the therapeutic use of PTU?
Definition
Hyperthyroidism: elevated T3 and T4
Graves disease (chronic); or thyroid storm, can kill person
Symptoms: losing weight; heat intolerance, very nervous, can’t sleep; bug eyes
Thyroid storm
Treatment: not removed anymore unless severe case of cancer; best choice is radioactive iodine; Grave’s disease given PTU to stabilize
Term
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
Definition
tachycardia, palpitations, perspiration, heat intolerance, weight loss, irritability, disturbed sleep patterns, exopthalmus (bug eyes)
Term
What do you watch for if thyroid removed?
Definition
hypothyroidism;
watch for parathyroidism.
Term
What are symptoms of hypothyroidism?
Definition
lethargy, apathy, memory and emotional changes, eyelid/facial edema or puffiness, weight gain, cold intolerance, bradycardia
Term
What is treatment for hypothyroidism?
Definition
Synthroid or Levothroid
Term
What do the parathyroid glands secrete?
Definition
PTH and regulate blood calcium
Term
What are causes of hypocalcemia?
Definition
diuretics, vitamin D deficiency, kidney dysfunction, surgical removal of thyroid gland
SYMPTOM: tetany--muscle spasm
Term
What is treatment for hypocalcemia?
Definition
Calcitriol (Vitamin D analogue); promotes Ca+ absorption from GI tract
Term
What are causes of hypercalcemia?
Definition
Multiple bone fractures or blood transfusions
Term
What are symptoms of hypercalcemia?
Definition
bone pain, n/v, thirst, polyuria, bradycardia
Term
What is treatment of hypercalcemia?
Definition
Calcitonin (Calcimar)"tonin the level down"; by promoting renal excretion of calcium
Term
Where are the adrenal glands located?
Definition
2 pair sit on top of kidneys
Term
What are glucocorticoids used for?
Definition
treat severe trauma, severe infection, inflammatory processes
Term
Which hormone are the adrenal glands influenced by?
Definition
ACTH
Term
How is adrenal insufficiency treated?
Definition
Glucocorticoids: promotes Na+ retention and K+ excretion; treats Addison's disease
Term
What are symptoms of Addison's disease
Definition
low blood sugars, weakness, apathy, low BP, hi K+, low Na+
Term
What are SE/adverse effects of Glucocorticoids?
Definition
hyperglycemia, abnormal fat deposits, muscle wasting, edema, hypertension, euphoria, psychosis
Term
What are drug interactions of Glucocorticoids?
Definition
diuretics, rifampin, dilantin, barbiturates
Term
What is the disease name for adrenal excess?
Definition
Cushings disease
Term
What are symptoms of Cushings disease?
Definition
mimic steroid use: elevated blood sugars, abnormal fat deposits, HTN, hypervolemia, hi Na+, low K+
Term
What is drug prototype for Glucocorticoid inhibitor (Cushings)?
Definition
Nizoral
Term
What do Mineralocorticoids treat?
Definition
Addisons disease (oral dose)
Term
What is prototype drug for Addisons disease?
Definition
fludrocortisone (Florinef)
Term
What does Florinef cause (used for Addisons disease)
Definition
negative nitrogen balance. Needs to be on high protein diet; watch K+ since drug will increase K+ excretion
Term
What is the drug class for Synthroid?
Definition
thyroid hormone
Term
Why would Synthroid be used?
Definition
Indication: hypothyroidism
Term
What is the action of Synthroid?
Definition
increases metabolic rate
O2 consumption
body growth
Term
What are the adverse/side effects of Synthroid?
Definition
tachycardia, palpitations, insomnia, weight loss, tremors, nervousness
Term
What are the nursing interventions for Synthroid for hypothyroidism?
Definition
Do not discontinue abruptly (thyroid crisis); Teach client signs of toxicity (palpitations, chest pain); Report sore throat (agranulocytosis); Take same time each day
Term
What is the therapeutic use for PTU?
Definition
Graves disease (HYPERthyroidism)
Term
What is the drug class for PTU?
Definition
thioamides
Term
What are the signs/symptoms of HYPERthyroidism?
Definition
tachycardia, palpitations, insomnia
Term
What is the therapeutic use of Calcitriol?
Definition
HYPOcalcemia caused by HYPOparathyroidism
Term
What is the action of Calcitriol?
Definition
promotes calcium absorption from GI tract;
secretion of calcium from bone to bloodstream
Term
What is the function of PTH?
Definition
regulates blood calcium levels
Term
What do mineralocorticoids secrete?
Definition
Aldosterone
Term
What is aldosterone controlled by?
Definition
renin-angiotensin system (not ACTH)
Term
What is the purpose of aldosterone?
Definition
maintain fluid balance
Term
What will happen with a total thyroid ectomy?
Definition
hypoparathyroidism;
know highs and lows of calcium
Low: anxiety, irritability, tetany (Muscle cramps/spasms)
High:soft, flabby muscles, pain at bony areas, kidney stones, elevated BP
Term
When would Calcitonin be used?
Definition
To bring down high level of parathyroid function. May put on drugs to lower such as Calcitonin (is “tonin’ “ the levels down)
Term
What are normal range for Calcium?
Definition
4.5-5.5
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