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Ch. 3 Genetics
Ch. 3 genetics
19
Science
7th Grade
02/25/2010

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Term
traits
Definition
a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes
Term
heredity
Definition
the passing of traits from parents to offspring
Term
genetics
Definition
The scientific study of heredity
Term
purebred
Definition
an organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent
Term
gene
Definition
A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
Term
alleles
Definition
the different forms of a gene
Term
recessive allele
Definition
an allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present
Term
hybrid
Definition
an organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait
Term
probability
Definition
the likelihood that a particular event will occur
Term
Punnett Square
Definition
a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
Term
phenotype
Definition
an organism's physical appearance, or visible traits
Term
genotype
Definition
an organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations
Term
homozygous
Definition
having two identical alleles for a trait
Term
codominance
Definition
a condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive
Term
meiosis
Definition
The process that occurs in sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half
Term
messenger RNA
Definition
RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm
Term
transfer RNA
Definition
RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain
Term
heterozygous
Definition
having two different alleles for a trait
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