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Ch. 14 Test Review
Due July 16th
55
Medical
Undergraduate 2
07/02/2010

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Cards

Term
What does the abdominal cavity contain?
Definition
The abdomen proper and the lesser pelvis
Term
From where does the abdominal cavity extend to?
Definition
From the diaphragm to the base of the pelvis.
Term
What is the abdominal cavity enclosed by and what does it do?
Definition
the abs are enclosed by musculature, and it maintains the position of the abdominal and pelvic structure.
Term
What is the abdomen bounded by?
Definition
the abs are bounded by bony structures.
Term
What are the bony structures that bound the abdomen.
Definition
The ribs, iliac crest, pelvic girdle and the vertebrae.
Term
What are the bony landmarks in abdominal surgery.
Definition
The xiphoid process, subcoastal margin, anterior iliac crest, and the syphphysis pubis.
Term
What is the importance of bony landmarks?
Definition
They serve as reference points for muscular attachments and incisions.
Term
What are the contents of the abdomen proper?
Definition
The digestive tract, the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, adrenal glands, blood and lymph vessels, lymph nodes, and nerves.
Term
What are the contents of the lesser pelvis?
Definition
Coils of digestive tract and it's most distal portions, blood and lymph vessels, lymph nodes and nerves.
Term
What are the nine regions the abdomen may be divided into?
Definition
the epigastric, right and left hypochondrium, the umbilical, the right and left lumbar, the hypogastric, and the right and left iliac regions.
Term
Besides bony landmarks, what may be used to identify regions?
Definition
Surface features
Term
What are the surface features?
Definition
The umbilicus, Linea alba, semilunar lines of Spieghel, and bilateral abdominocrural creases.
Term
What muscles are on the anterior surface of the abdomen?
Definition
The external and internal oblique, the transverse abdominis, and the rectus abdominis.
Term
What are the three "flat muscles" and where do they attach?
Definition
the oblique groups and the transverse abdominis. They attach at the lower ribs and iliac crest
Term
The rectus abdominis arises and extends to?
Definition
it arises from the coastal margin and sides of the xiphoid process, and extends to the symphysis pubis.
Term
The abdominal muscles are wrapped in what?
Definition
Fiborous fascia
Term
The transverse abdominis and obliques insert into what?
Definition
A dense white tendon named the aponeurosis.
Term
Where does the aponeuroses come together and what does it form?
Definition
it comes together at the midline and forms the "sheath" around the rectus abdomnis and linea alba.
Term
What is the abdominal cavity lined with?
Definition
A fibrous flimsy tissue called the peritoneum.
Term
What does the parietal peritonum line?
Definition
the anterior, lateral, and posterior abdominal walls, the pelvis, and the inferior surface of the diaphragm.
Term
What does the visceral cover?
Definition
It covers all organs of the peritoneal cavity.
Term
What is the primary function of the peritoneum?
Definition
to provide a slippery surface so that the viscera can freely glide.
Term
The abdominal cavity contains a small amount of fluid. True or false?
Definition
True
Term
What innervates the parietal peritoneum?
Definition
The somatic nerves
Term
What is the retroperitoneum
Definition
A "plane" that occupies the area posterior to the abdominal parietal peritoneum.
Term
What is the retroperitoneum bounded by?
Definition
Anteriorly by the peritoneum, posteriorly by the spine, and laterally by the psoas and quadratus lumborum muscles, and superiorly by the 12th ribs and diaphragm, and inferiorly by the pelvis.
Term
What are the three regions of the retroperitoneum?
Definition
the anterior pararenal, the perirenal, and the posterior pararenal.
Term
What does the Alimentary Canal include?
Definition
The pharyngeal, esophageal, gastric, and intestinal portions.
Term
The Esophagus passes through what?
Definition
The mediastinum
Term
The esophagus connects what to the stomach?
Definition
The pharynx
Term
What closes the upper esophagus?
Definition
The pharyngoesophageal spincter
Term
What closes the esophagus distally?
Definition
The cardiac sphincter, also known as the esophagogastric sphincter.
Term
Blood supply to the esophagus is accomplished by what?
Definition
The inferior thyroid artery (upper), the bronchial and the intercoastal arteries (middle), and the celiac artery (lower)
Term
What innervates the esophagus?
Definition
the vagus and the cervical and thoracic ganglia.
Term
The stomach is the most dilated portion of the alimentary canal? T or F?
Definition
True
Term
The alimentary cavity lies in the epigastric, umbilical, and left hypochondriac regions. T or F?
Definition
True
Term
Where is the cardia located? And what does it do?
Definition
It's located at the esophagogastric junction and opens into the body of the stomach.
Term
The musculature of the stomach consists of how many layers?
Definition
Three
Term
The inner later of the stomach is thicker in the antrum than in the fundus. T or F?
Definition
False, the it's thicker in the fundus than in the antrum.
Term
The middle musculature layer of the stomach is considered incomplete. T or F?
Definition
False. The middle layer is considered the only complete layer.
Term
What role does the greater/lesser curvature of the stomach play?
Definition
It plays a dominant role in gastric emptying with the antral "pump" mechanism.
Term
The pyloric sphincter seperates what?
Definition
The pylorus from the duodenum
Term
Blood supply to the stomach is via what arteries?
Definition
The left gastric artery, the first and smallest branch of the celiac artery, and the left gastroepiploic and short branches of the splenic artery.
Term
How many veins drain the stomach?
Definition
Five
Term
The left gastric vein serves the cardia, fundus and the greater curvature. T or F?
Definition
it drains all of the above EXCEPT the greater curvature. Instead it is the lesser curvature.
Term
What drains the pylorus?
Definition
The right gastric artery?
Term
What drains the great curvature of the stomach?
Definition
The short gastrics, and left and right gastroepiploics
Term
Parasympathetic innervation of the stomach is by what nerve?
Definition
left and right vagal nerve
Term
The function of the stomach begins with what?
Definition
Mucous secretions of the cardia
Term
The fundus produces hydrochloric acid. T or F?
Definition
True
Term
The small intestines are composed of what?
Definition
Duodenum, ileum, and jejunum
Term
Blood supply to the duodenum arises from where?
Definition
the right gastric supraduodenel, right gastroepiploic, and the superior and inferior pancreaticduodenal
Term
The pylorus is a storage place for what?
Definition
Chyme
Term
Vagal innervation of the stomach affects what?
Definition
gastric motility and pepsin production
Term
The cecum, ascending colon, and right portion of the transverse colon are supplied with what?
Definition
Blood from the ileocolic, right colic, and middle colic branches
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