Details Title: Ch. 14-18 Description: blah Total Flash Cards: 36 Created: 04/03/2008 11:27:10		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Sociology Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Race Definition A group of people that share certain physical, biologically inherited characteristcs. Term Ethnicity Definition A collection of people who share some distinctive cultural heritage. Term Racism Definition An ideology that attempts to link the physical characteristics of some group with physical or intellectual superiority or inferiority. Term Ethnocentrism Definition Judging another culture using your own culture's standards. View that your culture is better than anothers. Term Characterists of a Minority Group Definition 1- physical or cultural traits which are held in low-esteem by the dominant group. 2- treated unequally by the dominant group 3- membership is not voluntary- through birth 4- feel strong solidarity with other members of the minority group 5- controlled by the dominant group, regardless of size Term Institutional Prejudice and Discrimination Definition Exists when the practices or arrangements within social institutions have the intent or effect of favoring one group over another. Term Assimilation Definition Minority groups accept the culture of the dominant group and fade into the larger society. Term Cultural Pluralism Definition Diverse racial and ethnic groups retain their distinctive identities while coexisting peacefully. Term Amalgamation Definition Many racial and ethnic groups are blended togehter to create a new culture. Term Prejudice Definition An attitude or belief Term Discrimination Definition Action taken beyond prejudice. Easier to control Term Deviance Definition Behavior that violates cultural norms. Term Social Context of Deviance Definition cultural variation- wrong in our culture social group variation role of time Term Social Control Definition Techniques and strategies designed to ensure conformity through norms and laws. Term Internal Social Control Definition Self-imposed acceptance of norms and laws Term External Social Control Definition Other people's attempts to regulate behavior Term Criminal Justice System Definition A formal response by police, courts, and prision officials to alleged violations of the law. Term Different Types of Crime Definition White Collar- committed by people in high social class in the course of their jobs. Corporate Crime- the illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalf. Organized Crime- a business supplying illegal goods or services. Hate Crime- act against a person motivated by race or other bias. Term Durkheim and Deviance Definition Functions-Positive aspects and consequences associated with deviance.  Dysfunctions- negative aspect and consequences associated with deviace. Term Functionalist (Strain) Theory Definition Deviant and criminal behavior emerge as a reacion to cultural values. Term Labeling Theory Definition Deviance is determined by societal reaction to certain groups, individuals, and behaviors. Term Differential Association Theory Definition Deviant behavior is considered part of a subculture, learned through social interaction and socialization. Term Control Theory Definition People do not engage in deviant behavior because 1- social attachment to friends, family 2- commitment to social and cultural goals and means 3- involvement in legitimate social activities 4- belief in legitimacy of conventional values and norms. Term Definition Term Punishment Definition retribution- making the offender suffer as much as the suffering caused by the crime deterrence- attempt to dicourage crime through punishment rehabilitation- reforming the offender to prevent later offenses societal protection- rendering an offender incapable of further offenses through prison or death Term Medicalization of Deviance Definition The transformation of moral and legal deviance into a medical condition Term Functions of Family Definition sociolization material and emotional security transmission of social class position regulation of sexual behavior Term Social Conflict Theory and the Family Definition perpetuates inequality Term Mate Selection Norms/ Marriage Patterns- Endogamy and Exogamy Definition Endogamy- specifies the groups within which one will find a partner in the same/similar social category Exogamy- Finding a spouse outside of specific groups Term Marriage Patterns- Monogamy, Polygamy, Polygyny, polyandry Definition Monogamy- marriage between 2 individuals Polygamy- multiple spouses at one time. Polygyny- one man with multiple wives Polyandry- one woman with multiple husbands. Term Single Parent Families Definition 28% of families with children economic concerns role conflict Term Two Paycheck Families Definition 60% of families with children second shift- 2 jobs (one outside, one inside home) Term Cohabitation Definition Two people who live together in a marriage-like arrangement without legal bind. 5.6 million cohabiting couples Term DINKS Definition Dual Income No Kids 14% of married couples Term Divorce Definition About 40% divorce rate in U.S. Going up because: Socially acceptable Economic status of women Changes in Religion Changes in Legal System Term Definition