Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Ch. 13 Vocab
Med-Surg
60
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
05/24/2013

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
homeostasis
Definition
the narrow range of normal conditions in the human body; the tendency to maintain a constant balance in normal body states
Term
homeostatic mechanisms
Definition
a safeguard or control mechanism within the human body that prevents dangerous changes
Term
extracellular fluid (ECF)
Definition
the fluid outside the cells
Term
intracellular (ICF)
Definition
the fluid inside the cells
Term
interstitial fluid
Definition
fluid between the cells; sometimes called "third space"
Term
transcellular fluids
Definition
fluids in special body spaces and include cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, perioneal fluid, and pleural fluid
Term
solvent
Definition
water portion of fluids
Term
solutes
Definition
the particles dissolved or suspended in the water
Term
filtration
Definition
the movement of fluid through a cell or blood vessel membrane bc of hydrostatic pressure differences on both sides of the membrane
Term
hydrostatic pressure
Definition
the pressing of water molecules
Term
viscous
Definition
a fluid that is thicker than water
Term
permeable
Definition
the quality of being porous
Term
equilibrium
Definition
a state of balance
Term
disequilibrium
Definition
hydrostatic pressure is not the same in both spaces
Term
gradient
Definition
a graded difference of hydrostatic pressure in a state of disequilibrium
Term
filters
Definition
the movement of fluid from the space with higher hydrostatic pressure through the membrane into the space with lower hydrostatic pressure
Term
pores
Definition
openings or spaces
Term
edema
Definition
tissue swelling with fluid collection
Term
diffusion
Definition
the free movement of particles (solute) across a permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Term
impermeable
Definition
not porous; not open
Term
facilitated diffusion/transport
Definition
diffusion across a cell membrane that requires the assistance of a membrane-altering system
Term
osmosis
Definition
the movement of water only through a selectively permeable membrane
Term
osmolarity
Definition
the number of milliosmoles in a liter of solution
Term
osmolality
Definition
the number of milliosmoles in a kilogram of solution
Term
isosmotic/isotonic/normotonic
Definition
having the same osmotic pressure
Term
hyperosmotic/hypertonic
Definition
fluids with osmolarities greater than 300mOsm/L
Term
hypo-osmotic/hypotonic
Definition
fluids with osmolarities less than 270 mOsm/L
Term
solubility
Definition
how well a particle dissolves in water
Term
obligatory urine output
Definition
the minimum amount of urine per day needed to excrete toxic waste products (400-600mL)
Term
insensible water loss
Definition
water loss from the skin, lungs, and stool
Term
dehydration
Definition
fluid intake or fluid retention is less than what is needed to meet the body's fluid needs, resulting in a fluid volume deficit, especially a plasma volume deficit
Term
hypovolemia
Definition
circulating blood volume is decreased
Term
orthostatic/postural hypotension
Definition
a decrease in blood pressure after the first few seconds to minutes after changing from a sitting or lying position to standing
Term
hemoconcentration
Definition
elevated plasma levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum osmolarity, glucose, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and electrolytes that occur only when the water is lost and other substances remain
Term
fluid overload
Definition
overhydration, an excess of body fluid
Term
hemodilution
Definition
excessive water in the vascular space
Term
electrolytes/ions
Definition
substances in the body that carry an electrical charge
Term
cations
Definition
positive charges
Term
anions
Definition
negative charges
Term
sodium
Definition
a mineral that is a major cation in the ECF and maintains ECF osmolarity (norm is 136-145 mEq/L)
Term
hyponatremia
Definition
a serum sodium level below 136 mEq/L
Term
hypernatremia
Definition
a serum sodium level over 145 mEq/L
Term
hypervolemia
Definition
fluid overload
Term
irritability
Definition
an overresponse to stimuli
Term
hypokalemia
Definition
a serum potassium level below 3.5 mEq/L
Term
hyporeflexia
Definition
a decreased response to deep tendon reflex stimulation
Term
paralytic ileus
Definition
absence of peristalsis
Term
hypoxemia
Definition
decreased blood oxygen levels
Term
hypercapnia
Definition
increased arterial carbon dioxide levels
Term
hyperkalemia
Definition
a serum potassium level higher than 5.0 mEq/L
Term
ectopic beats
Definition
heartbeats generated outside the normal conduction system in the ventricles
Term
paresthesia
Definition
abnormal sensation
Term
divalent cation
Definition
an ion having two positive charges
Term
hypocalcemia
Definition
a total serum calcium level below 9.0 mg/dL
Term
hypercalcemia
Definition
a total serum calcium level above 10.5 mg/dL
Term
hypophosphatemia
Definition
a serum phosphorus level below 3.0 mg/dL
Term
rhabdomyolysis
Definition
the breakdown of muscle tissue
Term
hyperphosphatemia
Definition
serum phosphorus level above 4.5 mg/dL
Term
magnesium
Definition
a mineral that forms a cation when dissolved in water (normal 1.3-2.1 mEq/L)
Term
hypermagnesemia
Definition
a serum magnesium level above 2.1 mEq/L
Supporting users have an ad free experience!