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test3CH10
test #3
37
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
10/21/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
developmental psychology
Definition
the study of continuity and change across the life span
Term
zygote
Definition
a single cell that contains chromosomes from both a sperm and an egg
Term
germinal stage
Definition
the 2-week period of prenatal development that begins at conception
Term
embryonic stage
Definition
the period of prenatal development that lasts from the second week until about the eighth week
Term
fetal stage
Definition
the period of prenatal development that lasts from the ninth week until birth
Term
myelination
Definition
the formation of a fatty sheath around the axons of a brain cell
Term
teratogens
Definition
against that damage the process of development, such as drugs and viruses
Term
fetal alcohol syndrom (FAS)
Definition
a developmental disorder that stems from heavy alcohol use by the mother during pregnancy
Term
infancy
Definition
the stage of development that begins at birth and lasts between 18 and 24 months
Term
motor development
Definition
the emergence of the ability to execute physical action
Term
reflexes
Definition
specific patterns of motor response that are triggered by specific patterns of sensory stimulation
Term
cephalocaudal rule
Definition
the "top to bottom" rule that describes the tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequence from the head to the feet
Term
proximodistal rule
Definition
the "inside to outside" rule that describes the tendency for motor skills to energy in sequence from the center to the periphery
Term
cognitive development
Definition
the emergence of the ability to understand the world
Term
sensorimotor stage
Definition
a stage of development that begins at birth and lasts through infancy in which infants acquire information about the world by sensing it and moving around within it
Term
schemas
Definition
theories about or models of the way the world works
Term
assimilation
Definition
the process by which infants apply their schemas in novel situations
Term
accommodation
Definition
the process by which infants revise their schemas in light of new information
Term
object permanence
Definition
the idea that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible
Term
childhood
Definition
the stage of development that begins at about 18 to 24 months and lasts until adolescence
Term
preoperational stage
Definition
the stage of development that begins at about 2 years old and ends at about 6 years, in with children have a preliminary understanding of the physical world
Term
concrete operational stage
Definition
the stage of development that begins at about 6 years and ends at about 11 years, in which children acquire basic understanding of the physical world and a preliminary understanding of their own and others' minds
Term
conservation
Definition
the notion that the quantitative properties of an object are invariant despite changes in the objects appearance
Term
formal operational stage
Definition
the stage of development that begins around the age of 11 and lasts through adulthood, in which children gain a deeper understanding of their own and others' minds and learn to reason abstractly
Term
egocentrism
Definition
the failure to understand that the world appears differently to different observers
Term
theory of mind
Definition
the idea that human behavior is guided by mental representation, which gives rise to the realization that the world is not always the way it looks and that different people see it differently
Term
attachment
Definition
the emotional bond that forms between newborns and their primary caregiver
Term
internal working model of attachment
Definition
a set of expectations about how the primary caregiver will respond when the child feels insecure
Term
temperaments
Definition
characteristic patterns of emotional reactivity
Term
preconventional stage
Definition
a stage of moral development in wihc the morality of an action is primarily determined by its consequences for the actor
Term
conventional stage
Definition
a stage of moral development in which the morality of an action is primarily determined by the extent to with it conforms to social rules
Term
postconventional stage
Definition
a stage of moral development at which the morality of an action is determined by a set of general principles that reflect core values
Term
adolescence
Definition
the period of development that begins with the onset of sexual maturity (about 11 to 14) and lasts until the beginning of adulthood (18 to 21)
Term
puberty
Definition
the bodily changes associated with sexual maturity
Term
primary characteristics
Definition
bodily structures that are directly involved in reproduction
Term
secondary sex characteristics
Definition
bodily structures that change dramatically with sexual maturity but that are not directly involved in reproduction
Term
adulthood
Definition
the stage of development that begins around 18 to 21 years and ends at death
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