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Ch. 1 Intro to Developmental Psychology
Lecture # 1
46
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
12/19/2013

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Cards

Term
What do developmental psychologists study?
Definition
Human development across the life span from prenatal to old age
Term
The science of human development seeks to understand what?
Definition
How & why people change or remain the same over time.
Term
What are the 3 crucial elements?
Definition
Science
Diversity,
Connection b/w change & time
Term
What is the goal of science?
Definition
To understand how & why
Term
What is empirical science based on?
Definition
Observation, experience or experiment.
Not theoretical
Term
Developmental psychologists study what type of people?
Definition
all kinds; old, young, rich, poor
Term
What 2 things about people do they try to identify?
Definition
Universalities (beyond birth & death) and Differences (beyond unique genetics)
Term
The whole life is understood best by what?
Definition
Knowing each segment
Term
Briefly describe the Dynamic-Systems Theory
Definition
Stresses fluctuations & transitions

Change in one part of person will affect other aspects of development because each part is connected to each other
Term
Briefly describe the bioecological systems theory and who came up with it?
Definition
Urie Bronfenfrenner
all systems surrounding development of each person
micro,exo, & macro
Term
Microsystems
Definition
immediate surroundings

family, & peer groups
Term
Exosystems
Definition
institutions

schools and churches
Term
Macrosystems
Definition
larger social settings

cultural values, economic, & political policies
Term
List and define the 5 characteristics of development
Definition
Multidirectional: change occurs in every direction
Multicontextual: human lives embedded in many contexts (historical, economic, family)
Multicultural: many cultures
Multidisciplinary: many academic fields contribute data & insights
Plasticity: Change is ongoing; every person & trait can be altered at any given point in time
Term
Butterfly Effect
Definition
small event could have large impact
Term
Cohort
Definition
people born the same time period
Term
Socioeconomic status (SES)
Definition
persons position in society
Term
Ethnic group
Definition
ancestors born in same region
Term
Race
Definition
genetically distinct based on physical appearance
Term
Social construction
Definition
idea created by society i.e. race
Term
What are the 3 domains of development?
Definition
Biosocial (growth in body)
Cognitive (mental growth)
Psychosocial (emotional development)
Term
Mirror neurons
Definition
brain cells respond to actions performed by someone else as if observer had done that action
Term
What are the 5 steps of the scientific method?
Definition
Question
Hypothesis
Test Hypothesis
Draw Conclusions
Make findings available
Term
Replication
Definition
repeat study to verify, refine or dispute an original study's conclusions
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
prediction stated in a such a way that it can be tested & either confirmed or refuted
Term
What are the 4 methods of testing hypotheses?
Definition
Observations
Experiments
Surveys
Case Studies
Term
What is scientific observation?
Definition
testing hypotheses by observing participants behavior in a systematic and objective manner
Term
Limitation
Definition
Does not indicate what causes people to do what they do
Term
What is the goal of the experimental method?
Definition
establish a cause & effect relationship between 2 variables
Term
What are the 2 major characteristics of an experiment?
Definition
Researcher manipulates one variable and observes the other

Control over research situation
Term
Independent variable
Definition
potential cause

variable that is manipulated by the experimenter
Term
Dependent variable
Definition
potential effect

variable is observed to assess a possible effect of the manipulation or treatment
Term
Control group
Definition
comparison group; doesn't receive experimental treatment; placebo; provides baseline for comparison
Term
Experimental group
Definition
receives experimental treatment; independent variable must consist of at least 2 values
Term
Describe the survey method
Definition
info is collected from a large # of people via interviews, written questionnaires and other means
Term
What is a case study?
Definition
intensive study of one individual

provides unanticipated insight, but you can't make general statements based on findings from a case study
Term
Why can't the results of a case study be generalized to an entire population?
Definition
new hypotheses raised by case studies require more format exploration before they can be generalized.
Term
Name and define 3 types of studies for studying change over time.
Definition
Cross-sectional: groups of people are compared who differ in age but are similar in other important characteristics

Longitudinal: same individuals are tested repeatedly during different points during their lives

cross-sequential: hybrid method researchers first study several groups of people and then follow those groups over the years.
Term
What is a correlation study?
Definition
statistical technique for describing the extent & direction of the relationship between pairs of scores on some measure
Term
What does correlation indicate? Doesn't indicate?
Definition
2 variables are related

one variable causes the other
Term
What is the difference b/w positive and negative correlation?
Definition
+: both variables tend to increase or decrease together

-: one variable tends to increase when the other decreases
Term
Qualitative research
Definition
considers qualities instead of quantities i.e. open ended questions, how do you feel about your job? describe your ideal job.
Term
Quantitative research
Definition
provides data that can be expressed with numbers such as ranks or scales i.e. weight, height, GPA, ACT score
Term
What is the code of ethics?
Definition
set of moral principles that members of a profession or group are expected to follow
Term
Name 3 ethical responsibilities in psychology
Definition
Minimize risks to research participants
describe research to potential participants
avoid deceiving participants
keep results anonymous
Term
Name 3 peer-reviewed journals related to developmental psychology
Definition
developmental psych
infant behavior & development
child development
journal of early adolescence
psychology & aging
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