Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Ch.9, Ch.11, Ch.12, Ch.13
Monopolies, Macroeconomics
55
Economics
Undergraduate 1
11/02/2011

Additional Economics Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Antitrust Laws
Definition
Laws aimed at eliminating collusion and promoting competition among firms.
Term
Collusion
Definition
An agreement among firms to charge the same price or otherwise not to compete.
Term
Copyright
Definition
A government granted exclusive right to produce and sell a creation.
Term
Horizontal Merger
Definition
A merger between firms in the same industry.(i.e.AT&T & Verizon)
Term
Market Power
Definition
The ability of a firm to charge a price greater than marginal cost.
Term
Monopoly
Definition
A firm that is the only seller of a good or service that does not have a close substitute.
Term
Natural Monopoly
Definition
A situation in which economies of scale are so large that one firm can supply the entire market at a lower average cost than can two or more firms.
Term
Network Externalities
Definition
The situation where usefulness of a product increases with the number of consumers who use it.
Term
Patent
Definition
The exclusive right to a product for a period of 20 years from the date the product is invented.
Term
Public Franchise
Definition
A designation by the government that a firm is the only legal provider of a good or service.
Term
Vertical Merger
Definition
A merger between firms at different stages of producing a good.
Term
Business Cycle
Definition
Alternating Periods of economic expansion and economic recession.
Term
Consumption
Definition
Spending by households on goods and services, not including spending on new houses.
Term
Economic Growth
Definition
The ability of an economy to produce increasing quantities of goods and services.
Term
Expansion
Definition
The period when total production and total employment are increasing.
Term
Final Good or Service
Definition
A good or service purchased by a final user.
Term
Government Purchases
Definition
Spending by federal, state, and local government on goods and services.
Term
GDP
Definition
The market value of all final goods and services produced in a country during a period of time. Usually one year.
Term
Inflation Rate
Definition
The percentage increase in price level from one year to the next.
Term
Intermediate Good or Service
Definition
An good or service that is an input into another good or service.
Term
Investment
Definition
Spending by firms on new factories, office buildings, machinery, and additions to inventories, and spending by households on new houses.
Term
Macroeconomics
Definition
The study of the economy as a whole.
Term
Net Exports
Definition
Exports minus imports
Term
Nominal GDP
Definition
The value of final goods and services evaluated at current year prices.
Term
Price Level
Definition
A measure of the average prices of goods and services in an economy.
Term
Real GDP
Definition
The value of final goods and services evaluated at base year prices.
Term
Recession
Definition
The period of a business cycle during which total production and total employment are decreasing.
Term
Transfer Payments
Definition
Payments by the government to individuals for which the government does not receive a new good or service in return.
Term
Underground Economy
Definition
Buying and selling of goods and services that is concealed from the government to avoid taxes or because of illegality.
Term
Value Added
Definition
The market value a firm adds to a product.
Term
Profit=(P-ATC)*Q
Definition
Formula for graphing
Term
Barriers to entry
Definition
Government blocks entry of more than one firm into a market.
One firm has a necessary key resource.
There are important network externalities in supplying the good or service.
Economies of scale cause a natural monopoly.
Term
Profit Maximizing Point
Definition
Where Mr=Mc. Follow up to the demand curve to find price.
Term
Merger Standards
Definition
Post merger HHI below 1000-Not concentrated, mergers not challenged.
Post merger HHI between 1000 and 1800-moderately concentrated. Mergers that raise the HHI by more than 100 may be challenged.
Post Merger HHI above 1800- Highly concentrated. Increase by less than 50, no challenge. 50-100 may be challenged. Over 100 will be challenged.
Term
HHI Calculating
Definition
Square all numbers then add the squares.
Term
Shortcomings of GDP as a measure of well being
Definition
Value of leisure is not included in the GDP.
GDP is not adjusted for pollution.
GDP is not adjusted for changes in crime
GDP measures the size of the pie, but not how it's divided up.
Term
Labor force
Definition
Sum of employed and unemployed workers in the economy.
Term
Unemployment formula
Definition
Number of unemployed over the labor force times 100
Term
Efficiency Wages
Definition
A higher than market wage that a firm pays to increase worker productivity.
Term
CPI
Definition
All items less food and energy 2.0
Term
Substitution Bias
Definition
Consumers buy fewer products that increase most in price and more that increase less in price.
Term
Increase in Quality Bias
Definition
The recorded price increase overstates pure inflation in some products.
Term
New Product Bias
Definition
Newer products aren't included in the market basket & if it isn't updated frequently, price decreases aren't included in CPI
Term
Outlet Bias
Definition
Internet and outlet stores aren't included in the CPI.
Term
Nominal Interest Rate
Definition
The stated IR on a loan.
Term
Real Interest Rate
Definition
Nominal IR- Inflation rate
Term
Menu Costs
Definition
The costs to firms of changing prices.
Term
Long Run Economic Growth
Definition
The process by which rising productivity increases the average standard of living.
Term
Labor Productivity
Definition
The quantity of goods and services that can by one worker or one hour of work.
Term
Capital
Definition
Manufactured goods that are used to produce other goods and services.
Term
Financial System
Definition
The system of financial markets and financial intermediaries through which firms acquire funds from households.
Term
Financial Markets
Definition
Markets where financial securities, such as stocks and bonds are bought and sold.
Term
Financial Intermediaries
Definition
Firms such as banks, mutual funds, and insurance companies, that borrow funds from savers and lend them to borrowers.
Term
Loanable funds Market
Definition
The interaction of borrowers and lenders that determines the market interest rate, and the quantity of loanable funds exchanged.
Term
Crowding Out
Definition
A decline in private expenditures as a result of an increase in government spending.
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