Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Ch 8
Cardiovascular System
90
Medical
Undergraduate 3
10/01/2015

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Autonomic Nervous System
Definition
Portion of the nervous system that regulates involuntary actions, such as HR, digestion, and peristalsis.
Term
leaflet
Definition
Flat, leaf-shaped structure that comprises the valves of the heart and prevents backflow of blood
Term
lumen
Definition
Tubular space or channel within an organ or structure of the body; space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube
Term
regurgitation
Definition
Backflow or ejecting of contents through an opening
Term
Sphincter
Definition
Circular muscle found in a tubular structure or hollow organ that constricts or dilates to regulate passage of substance through its opening
Term
Vasoconstriction
Definition
Narrowing of the lumen of a blood vessel that limits blood flow, usually as a result of diseases, medications, or physiological processes
Term
Vasodilation
Definition
Widening of the lumen of a blood vessel caused by the relaxing of the muscles of the vascular walls
Term
Viscosity
Definition
state of being sticky or gummy
Term
aneurysm/o
Definition
widened blood vessel
Term
angi/o
vascul/o
Definition
vessel (usually blood or lymph)
Term
Aort/o
Definition
aorta
Term
arteri/o
Definition
artery
Term
arteriol/o
Definition
arteriole
Term
atri/o
Definition
atrium
Term
ather/o
Definition
fatty plaque
Term
cardi/o
coron/o
Definition
heart
Term
electr/o
Definition
electricity
Term
embol/o
Definition
embolus (plug)
Term
hemangi/o
Definition
blood vessel
Term
my/o
Definition
muscle
Term
phleb/o
ven/o
Definition
vein
Term
scler/o
Definition
hardening; sclera (white of eye)
Term
sept/o
Definition
septum
Term
sphygm/o
Definition
pulse
Term
sten/o
Definition
narrowing, stricture
Term
thromb/o
Definition
blood clot
Term
valv/o
valvul/o
Definition
valve
Term
vas/o
Definition
vessel; vas deferens; duct
Term
ventricul/o
Definition
ventricle (of the heart or brain)
Term
-cardia
Definition
heart condition
Term
aneurysm
Definition
Localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery
Term
Angina
Definition
Mild to severe suffocating pain that typically occurs in the chest and is caused by an inadequate blood flow to the myocardium; also angina pectoris
Term
Arrhythmia
Definition
Irregularity in the rate or rhythm of the heart; also called dysrhythmia
Term
Bradycardia
Definition
Arrhythmia in which the heart beats abnormally slowly, usually fewer than 60 beats per minute in a resting adult
Term
Fibrillation
Definition
Arrhythmia in which there is an abnormally rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium that can affect the atria or the ventricles
Term
Heart block
Definition
Arrhythmia in which there is interference with the normal transmission of electric impulses from the SA node to the Purkinje fibers
Term
Tachycardia
Definition
Arrhythmia in which there is a fast but regular rhythm, with the heart possibly beating up to 200 beats/min
Term
Arteriosclerosis
Definition
Hardening and narrowing of an artery along with the loss of its elasticity
Term
Atherosclerosis
Definition
Form of arteriosclerosis characterized by the deposit of plaque containing cholesterol and lipids that narrows the lumen in the arteries
Term
Carotid artery disease
Definition
Narrowing of the carotid arteries, usually caused by atherosclerosis; may eventually lead to thrombus formation and stroke
Term
Bruit
Definition
Soft blowing sound heard on auscultation, associated valvular action or with the movement of blood is it passes an obstruction or both ; also called murmur
Term
Cardiomyopathy
Definition
Disease or weakening of heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function
Term
Coarctation
Definition
Narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta
Term
Embolism
Definition
Condition in which a mass (commonly a blood clot) becomes lodged in a blood vessel, obstructing blood flow
Term
Hyperlipidemia
Definition
Excessive amounts of lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides) in the blood
Term
Hypertension
Definition
Elevated blood pressure persistently high than 140/90 mm Hg
Term
Hypotension
Definition
Low blood pressure persistently below 90/60 mm Hg
Term
Infarction
Definition
Localized tissue necrosis due to the cessation of blood supply.
Term
Ischemia
Definition
Local, temporary deficiency of blood supply to an organ or tissue due to circulatory obstruction
Term
Mitral valve Prolapse
Definition
Structural defect in which the mitral (bicuspid) valve leaflets prolapse into the left atrium during ventricular contraction (systole), resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood
Term
Palpitation
Definition
Sensation of an irregular heartbeat, commonly described as pounding, racing, skipping a beat, or flutter
Term
Phlebitis
Definition
Inflammation of a deep or superficial vein of the arms or legs (more commonly in the legs)
Term
Syncope
Definition
Partial or complete loss of consciousness that is usually caused by a decreased supply of blood to the brain; also called fainting
Term
Thrombosis
Definition
Abnormal condition in which a blood clot develops in a vessel and obstructs it at the site of its formation
Term
Deep vein thrombosis
Definition
Blood clot that form in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs; also called deep venous thrombosis
Term
Defibrillation
Definition
Electrical shock delivered randomly during the cardiac cycle to treat emergency life-threatening arrhythmias
Term
Cardioversion
Definition
Defibrillation technique using low energy shocks to treat an arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular tachy), and is usually synchronized with the large R waves of the ECG complex to restore normal heart rhythm
Term
Sclerotherapy
Definition
injection of a chemical irritant (sclerosing agent) into a vein to produce inflammation and fibrosis that destroys the lumen of the vein
Term
thrombolysis
Definition
Destruction of a blood clot using anticlotting agents called clot-busters, such as tissue plasminogen activator
Term
Angioplasty
Definition
Any endovascular procedure that reopens narrowing blood vessels and restores forward blood flow
Term
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Definition
Angioplasty of the coronary arteries in which a balloon catheter is inserted through the skin into the right femoral artery and threaded to the site of the stenosis to enlarge the lumen of the artery and restore forward blood flow
Term
Arteriol Biopsy
Definition
Removal of a segment of an arterial vessel wall to confirm inflammation of the wall or arteritis, a type of vasculitis
Term
Catheter Ablation
Definition
Treatment for cardiac arrhythmias; usually performed under fluoroscopic guidance
Term
Commissurotomy
Definition
Surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve, which have fused together at their points of contract (commissures)
Term
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
Definition
Placement of a vessel graft from another part of the body to bypass the blocked part of a coronary artery and restore blood supply to the heart muscle
Term
Embolectomy
Definition
Removal of an embolus
Term
Endarterectomy
Definition
Removal of fatty plaque from the interior of an occluded vessel using a specially deigned catheter fitting with a cutting or grinding device.
Term
automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD) insertion
Definition
Implantation of a battery-powered device that monitors and automatically corrects ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation by sending electrical impulses to the heart in patients who are at risk of sudden cardiac death;also called implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)
Term
laser ablation
Definition
Procedure used to remove or treat varicose veins
Term
open heart surgery
Definition
Surgical procedure performed on or within the exposed heart, usually with the assistance of a heart-lung machine
Term
Stent placement
Definition
Placement of a mesh tube inserted into a natural passage or conduit in the body to prevent or counteract a disease-induced, localized flow constriction
Term
Valvotomy
Definition
Incision of a valve to increase the size of the opening; used in treating mitral stenosis
Term
Cardiac catheterization
Definition
Passage of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart
Term
Electrophysiology study
Definition
Procedure used to determine the cause of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias by mapping the heart's conduction system in a patient with an arrhythmia
Term
Electrocardiography
Definition
Procedure that graphically records the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes applied to the chest, arms, and legs
Term
Holter monitor test
Definition
ECG taken with a small, portable recording system capable of storing up to 48 hours of ECG tracings; also called event monitor test
Term
Stress test
Definition
ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions
Term
Cardiac enzyme studies
Definition
Blood test that measures the presence and amount of cardiac enzymes in the blood, including troponin T, troponin I, and creatine kinase
Term
Lipid panel
Definition
Series of blood clots (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides) used to assess risk factors of ischemic heart disease
Term
Angiography
Definition
Radiographic image (angiogram) of the inside of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium; also called arteriography
Term
Aortography
Definition
Angiography of the aorta and its branches after injection of a contrast medium
Term
Coronary
Definition
Angiography that is used to determine the degree of a stenosis or obstruction of the arteries that supply blood to the heart
Term
Cardiac MRI
Definition
Specialized MRI that provides information on both static and moving images of the heart, including blood flow and velocity
Term
Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)
Definition
Type of MRI scan that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to provide detailed images of blood vessels
Term
Multiple-gated acquisition (MUGA) scan
Definition
Nuclear procedure that uses radioactive tracers to detect how well the heart walls move as they contract and calculates the ejection fraction rate (amount of blood the ventricle can pump out in one contraction)
Term
Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
Definition
MUGA scan of the heart in which the gamma camera moves in a circle around the pt to create individual images as "slices" of the heart
Term
Nuclear perfusion study
Definition
Test used in conjunction with a stress test to detect the presence of coronary artery disease that is causing partial obstruction of the coronary arteries; also called thallium scan cardiolite scan
Term
Doppler
Definition
US used to assess blood flow through blood vessels and the heart
Term
Echocardiography
Definition
US that is used to visualize internal cardiac structures, produce images of the heart, and assess cardiac output
Term
Venography
Definition
Radiography of a vein after injection of a contrast medium to detect incomplete filling of a vein, indicating an obstruction
Supporting users have an ad free experience!