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Ch 6
Learning
27
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
05/02/2006

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
classical conditioning
Definition
the learning process in which an originally neutral stimulus becomes associated with a particular response that the stimulus did not originally produce
Term
Conditioned response
Definition
a learned pattern of behavior that is typically similar or identical to an automatic, unlearned response
Term
Conditioned stimulus
Definition
a once neutral stimulus which, through a learning process, produces a conditioned response
Term
continuous reinforcement
Definition
the process in which reinforcment always and invariably follows a particular operant behavior
Term
Extinction
Definition
the gradual reduction in the conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus
Term
fixed-interval reinforcement
Definition
a schedule of reinforcement in which the first response made following a specific time interval is reinforced
Term
learned helplessness
Definition
the maladaptive process through which an individual is conditioned to emit no behavior to escape adversive conditions
Term
learned helplessness
Definition
the maladaptive process through which an individual is conditioned to emit no behavior to escape adversive conditions
Term
fixed-ratio reinforcement
Definition
a schedule of reinforcement in which a fixed number of responses must be made before a response is reinforced
Term
little albert
Definition
the subject of watson's classical conditioning experiment
Term
negative punishment
Definition
the process whereby the removal of a pleasent stimulus results in a decreased probability of a response
Term
negative reinforcement
Definition
the process whereby the removal of an unpleasant stimulus results in a decreased probabilty of a response
Term
pavlov
Definition
the founder of classical conditioning who taught dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell
Term
positive punishment
Definition
the process whereby the addition of an unpleasant stimulus results in a decreased probability of a response
Term
positive reinforcement
Definition
the process whereby the addition of a pleasent stimulus results in an increased probability of a response
Term
shaping
Definition
a procedure in which responses that approximate the target behavior are reinforced
Term
skinner
Definition
the researcher who coined the term "operant conditioning," and performed most of his experiments using rats
Term
social learning
Definition
learning that occurs by observing the behavior of others as well as the environment outcomes of their behavior
Term
spontaneous recovery
Definition
an unprompted reappearance of an extinguished response
Term
stimulus discrimination
Definition
the ability to perceive a difference between two stimuli
Term
stimulus generalization
Definition
the tendency to perceive stimuli that share common properties as being similar
Term
thorndike
Definition
the behaviorist who discovered the law of effect
Term
unconditioned response
Definition
an automatic, unlearned physiological response to a stimulus
Term
unconditioned stimulus
Definition
a stimulus that elicts an automatic, unlearned response
Term
variable-interval reinforcement
Definition
a schedule of reinforcement in which the first response following a varying time interval is reinforced
Term
variable-ratio reinforcement
Definition
a schedule of reinforcement in which a varying number of responses must be made before a response is reinforced
Term
Watson
Definition
the researcher who classically conditioned a child to fear furry white objects
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