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Ch.6 - Learning
3 condtionings
29
Psychology
Post-Graduate
02/26/2010

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Term
learning
Definition

any relatively permanent change in behavior that is based upon experience.

 

Term
classical conditioning
Definition

ivan pavlov- physiologist that dealt with digestion

reflex behaviors

Term
neutral stimulus
Definition

stimulus that intially produces no specific response other than focusing on attention

ex- white lab coat

Term

unconditioned stimulus

UCS

Definition

an event that consistently & automatically elicits ab unconditioned response

ex- food

Term

unconditioned response

UCR

Definition

an action that the unconditioned stimulus automatically elicits.

ex- salvate

Term

conditioned stimulus

CS

Definition

formally the neutral stimulus, having been paired with the UCS, elicits the same response.

ex- white lab coat

Term

Conditioned Response

CR

Definition

the response elicited by the conditioned stimulus due to the training. usually it closely resembles the UCR.

ex- salvate

Term
stimulus generalization
Definition

a response from the training stimulus to similar stimuli

ex- bell vs cowbell

do has same response to the sound bec they are so close 

Term
discrimination
Definition

responding differently to 2 stimuli bec they are different enough to elicit different responses

ex- ring bell = responce

ring cowbell = no response

Term
extinction
Definition
to extinguish a classically conditioned response, the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the UCS.
Term
spontaneous recovery
Definition
return of an extinguished response
Term
temporal contiguity
Definition

closer in time the better learning.

 

Term
human conditioning
Definition

US -> UR

CS+US -> UR

CS -> CR

Term
operant conditioning
Definition

Skinner

do something to make it happen

 

Term
operant chamber
Definition
referred to as a "skinner box"
Term
shaping
Definition
establishes new responses by reinforcing successive approximations to it
Term
chaining
Definition

operant conditioning method where behaviors are reinforced by opportunities to engage in the next behavior

ex- learn final behavior, next to last, so on, until beginning is reached

Term
schedule reinforcement
Definition
a set of rules of procedures for delivery of reinforcement
Term
positive reinforcement
Definition
something added increases behavior
Term
positive punishment
Definition
something added decreases behavior
Term
negative reinforcement
Definition
something removed increases behavior
Term
negative punishment
Definition
something removed decreases behavior
Term
ratio
Definition
delivery of reinforcement depends on the # of responses given by the individual
Term
fixed ratio schedule
Definition
provides reinforcement only after a certain # of correct responses
Term
variable ratio schedule
Definition
provides reinforcement after a variable amount of time has elapsed
Term
operant conditioning: extinction
Definition

stop giving the reinforcement

 

Term
operant conditioning: stimulus generalization 
Definition
the subject responds to the new stimulus because it is similar to the original reinforced stimulus
Term
operant conditioning: discrimination
Definition
the subject doesnt respond to the new stimulus because it is different enough from the original stimulus
Term
social learning
Definition

albert bandura

observing the behaviors of others 

(modeling or imitating)

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