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ch 5 sensation and perception
Exam #2 PSYCHOLOGY
26
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
10/09/2014

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Term
sensation
Definition
activation of the sense organs by a source of physical energy
Term
perception
Definition
sorting out, interpretation, analysis, and integration of stimuli carried out by the sense organs and brain
Term
stimulus
Definition
energy that produces a response in a sense organ
Term
absolute threshold
Definition
smallest intensity of a stimulus that must be present for it to be detected
Term
difference threshold
Definition
smallest level of added or reduced stimulation required to sense that a change in stimulation has occurred (weber's law)
Term
1-ounce increase in a 50-ounce weight
Definition
the noticeable difference for weight is ...
Term
transduction
Definition
the process through which sensory receptors convert the sensory stimulation into neutral impulses
Term
adaptation
Definition
an adjustment in sensory capacity after prolonged exposure to unchanging stimuli
Term
cornea
Definition
protects eye and refracts rays of light being projected off objects (e.g. trees, tables)
Term
pupil
Definition
dark hole in the center of the iris (opening depends on amount of light in environment)
Term
iris
Definition
colored part of eye (ranges from light blue to dark brown)
Term
lens
Definition
sits directly behind the pupil
Term
accommodation
Definition
process in which the lens focuses light by changing its own thickness
Term
retina
Definition
converts electromagnetic energy of light to electrical impulses for transmission to the brain
Term
rods
Definition
thin, cylindrical receptor cells sensitive to light. related to vision in dimly lit situations. plays key role in peripheral vision and in night vision
Term
cones
Definition
cone-shaped; responsible for sharp focus and color perception. concentrated in the fovea( sensitive region of the retina that allows us to see images more sharply)
Term
eardrum
Definition
vibrates when sound waves hit it
Term
middle ear
Definition
tiny chamber containing three bones (hammer, anvil, stirrup). transmits vibrations to the oval window
Term
inner ear
Definition
changes sound vibrations into a form in which they can be transmitted to the brain
Term
cochlea
Definition
filled with fluid and vibrates in response to sound
Term
basilar membrane
Definition
covered with hair cells. when bent by vibrations, cells send a neural message to the brain
Term
four qualities of taste
Definition
receptor cells that respond to sweet, sour, salty , & bitter
Term
taste buds
Definition
contain receptor cells, approximately 10,000 distributed across the tongue, mouth, and throat
Term
substance p
Definition
chemical that transmits pain messages to the brain and is released when a cell is damaged
Term
skin senses
Definition
make us aware of potential dangers to our bodies ( touch, pressure, temperature, pain)
Term
Gestalt Laws of Organization
Definition
series of principles that focus on the ways we organize bits and pieces of information into meaningful wholes. Closure, Proximity, Similarity, Simplicity
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