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Ch 5
Microbial Metabolism
25
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
07/11/2010

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Term
metabolism
Definition
sum of all chemical rxns in an organism
Term
catabolism
Definition
-breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler ones
-releases energy (bonds broken)
Term
anabolism
Definition
-building of complex organic compounds from simpler ones
-requires energy
Term
ATP
Definition
high energy molecule
Term
substrate level phosphorylation
Definition
when a high energy Pi is directly transferred from a phosphorylated compound to ADP
Term
oxidative phosphorylation
Definition
-electrons are transferred from organic compound to one group of electron carriers(NAD+ and FAD)
-electrons are then passed through a series of different carriers to molecules of oxygen or other oxidized inorganic and organic molecules
Term
photophosphorylation
Definition
Term
photophosphorylation
Definition
-specific to photosynthetic organisms
-electrons are released from chlorophyll by light and taken over by an ETC
Term
2 processes to produce energy from glucose
Definition
-cellular respiration
-fermentation
Term
cell respiration
Definition
-starts with glycolysis
-pyruvic acid is produced and processed in Krebs cycle and then ETC
-total yield 38 ATP/glucose
Term
fermentation
Definition
pyruvic acid is converted into one or more different products such as ethanol, lactic acid, acetic acid, etc.
-total yield 2 ATP/glucose
Term
2 types of respiration
Definition
aerobic and anaerobic
Term
aerobic respiration
Definition
-final electron acceptor is oxygen yields 38 ATP
Term
anaerobic respiration
Definition

-final electron acceptor is inorganic molecule other than O2 (sometimes organic)

-NO3-, SO42-,CO32-

-always yields less than 38 ATP

Term
alternate pathways to glycolysis
Definition
-pentose phosphate pathway
-Entner-Doudoroff pathway
-fermentation
-lipid catabolism
-protein catabolism
Term
pentose phosphate pathway
Definition
-provides a way to breakdown 5-carbon sugars
-produces a 5C sugar involved in the synthesis of nucleic acids, glucose from CO2 in photosynthesis and certain amino acids
-ex. B. subtilis, E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis
-Net gain 1ATP/glucose (vs 2 in glycolysis)
Term
Entner Doudoroff Pathway
Definition
-allows to metabolize glucose w/o glycolysis or pentose phosphate pathway
-net gain 1 ATP and 1 NADPH
-ex. rhizobium, pseudosomonas, agrobacterium
Term
fermentation
Definition
-releases energy from sugars or other organic molecules (amino acids, purines, pyrimidines)
-doesnt require oxygen
-organic molecule as e- acceptor
-1-2 ATP produced (only during glycolysis)
Term
lipid catabolism
Definition
-lipids
-glycerol-glycolysis-pyruvic acid-acetyl CoA-Krebs
-fatty acid-Acetyl CoA-Krebs
Term
protein catabolism
Definition
-protein broke down by pepsidase or protease
-deamination, decarboylation, or dehydrogenation
Term
biochemical tests based on microbial metabolism
Definition
-detection of amino acid catabolyzing enzymes
-fermentation test for detection of acid and gas production (durham tube)
-peptone agar containing ferric acid-if bacteria produce H2S, it comebines with Fe to form FeS
Term
photosynthesis
Definition
-plants, algae, cyanobacteria
-purple sulfur and green sulfur bacteria
Term
light dependent rxns
Definition
-light energy is used to convert ADP to ATP by photophosphorylation
-conversion of NADP+ to NADPH
-in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, chlorophyll a absorbs energy from light
-purple and green sulfur bacteria use bacteriochlorophylls
-cyclic and noncyclic
Term
light independent rxns
Definition
-Calvin Benson cycle
-Co2 is fixed and used to synthesize sugars
Term
why fermentation takes place in the absence of oxygen
Definition
-means to restore electron carrier NADH to oxidized state so it can re-enter glycolysis
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