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ch 5 LS HRW
ch 5 LS HRW
17
Biology
7th Grade
04/12/2012

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Term
allele
Definition
one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color
Term
DNA
Definition
a molecule that is present in all living cells that contains the information that determines the traits that a living thing inherits and needs to live
Term
dominant trait
Definition
the trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred
Term
gene
Definition
one set of instructions for an inherited trait
Term
genotype
Definition
the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits
Term
heredity
Definition
the passing of genetic traits from parents to offspring
Term
homologous chromosomes
Definition
chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure
Term
meiosis
Definition
the process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two division of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells
Term
mutation
Definition
a change in the nucleotide-base of a gene or DNA molecule
Term
nucleotide
Definition
in a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Term
pedigree
Definition
a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family
Term
phenotype
Definition
an organism's appearance or other detectable characteristic
Term
probability
Definition
the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of an event
Term
recessive trait
Definition
a trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred
Term
RNA
Definition
a molecule that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein production
Term
ribosome
Definition
a cell organelle composed of RNA and protein
Term
sex chromosome
Definition
one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual
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