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Ch 35 Med Surg Definitions
definitions of "assessment of the cardiovascular system"
24
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
02/07/2012

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Term
myocardium
Definition
the heart muscle
Term
Tricuspid Valve
Definition
separates the RA from the RV
Term
Mitral (Bicuspid) valve
Definition
separates the LA from the LV
Term
regurgitation
Definition
backflow of blood into the atria
Term
Pulmonic valve
Definition

semilunar valve

separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery

Term
Aortic Valve
Definition

semilunar valve

separates the left ventricle from the aorta

Term
Mean arterial pressure (MAP)
Definition
the arterial pressure necessary to prefuse blood to major body organs such as the kidneys and the brain
Term
diastole
Definition

normally about two thirds of the cardiac cycle

consists of relaxation and filling of the atria and ventriles

Term
systole
Definition
consists of the contraction and emptying of the atria and ventricles
Term
myofibril sarcomere
Definition
the basic contractile unit of the myocardial cell
Term
cardiac output
Definition

the amount of blood pumped from the left venticle each minute

depends on the relationship between heart rate and stroke volume (product of these two variables)

Term
cardiac index
Definition
can be determined by dividing the CO by body surface area
Term
heart rate
Definition
the number of times the ventricles contract each minute
Term
stroke volume
Definition

the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle during each contraction

variables include HR, preload, afterload, and contractility

Term
Preload
Definition
  • refers to the degree of myocardial fiber stretch at the end of diastole and just before contraction
  • determined by the amount of blood returning to the heart from both the venous system (right heart) and the pulmonary system (left heart)
Term
afterload
Definition
the pressure or resistance that the ventricles must overcome to eject blood through the semilunar valves and into the peripheral blood vessels.
Term
Impedance
Definition

peripheral component of afterload

the pressure that the heart must overcome to open the aortic valve

Term
Systemic vascular resistance
Definition
a combination of blood viscosity (thickness) and arteriolar constriction
Term
Myocardial contractility
Definition
affects stroke volume and CO and is the force of cardiac contraction independent of preload
Term
systolic BP
Definition

the amount of pressure/force generated by the LV to distribute blood into the aorta with each contraction of the heart

it is a measure of how effectively the heart pumps and is an indicator of vascular tone

Term
diastolic BP
Definition
the amount of pressure/force against the arterial walls during the relaxation phase of the heart
Term
baroreceptors
Definition

in the arch of the aorta and at the origin of the internal carotid arteries

stimulated when the arterial walls are stretched by an increased BP

Term
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Definition

sensitive primarily to hypoxemia.

when stimulated, these chemoreceptors send impulses along the vagus nerves to activate a vasoconstrictor response and raise BP

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