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Details

Ch 30 Care of pts requiring tracheostomy
and patients with noninfectious respiratory problems pgs 580-586
9
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
03/31/2012

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Cards

Term
Tracheomalacia
Definition
constant pressure exerted by the cuff causes tracheal dilation and erosion of cartilage
Term
Manifestations of Tracheomalacia
Definition
  • an increased amount of air is required in the cuff to maintain the seal
  • a larger trach tube is req to prevent an air leak at the stoma
  • food particles are seen in the tracheal secretions
  • the patient does not receive the set tidal volume on the ventilator
Term
Tracheal Stenosis
Definition
narrowed tracheal lumen is due to scar formation from irritation of tracheal mucosa by the cuff
Term
Manifestations of Tracheal Stenosis
Definition
  • stenosis is usually seen after the cuff is deflated or the tracheostomy tube is removed
  • the pt has increased coughing, inability to expectorate secretions, or difficulty breathing or talking
Term
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Definition
excessive cuff pressure causes erosion of the posterior wall of the trachea. A whole is created between the trachea and the anterior esophagus. The patient at highest risk also has a NG tube present
Term
Manifestations of Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Definition
  • Similar to tracheomalacia
  • food particles are seen in the tracheal secretions
  • increased air in cuff is needed to ahcieve a seal
  • the patient has increased coughin and choking while eating
  • the patient does not receive the set tidal volume on the ventilator
Term
trachea-innominate artery fistula
Definition

a malpositioned tube causes its distal tip to push against the lateral wall of the tracheostomy. Continued pressure causes necrosis and erosion of the innominate artery.

MEDICAL EMERGENCY

Term
Manifestations of Trachea-innominate artery fistula
Definition
  • the tracheostomy tube pulsates in synchrony with the heartbeat
  • there is heavy bleeding from the stoma
  • this is a life threatening complication
Term
Complications of tracheostomy
Definition

tube obstruction

tube dislodgement and accidental decannulation

pneumothorax

subcutaneous emphysema

bleeding

infection

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