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Ch.29.1-3,6
How Organ Systems Communicate, Senses, Endocrine sys and Hormones
43
Biology
9th Grade
03/23/2010

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Term
What does the nervous system control?
Definition
Thoughts, movements, simple life processes, and immediate processes
Term
What does the endocrine system control?
Definition
Growth, development, responses to environment, long-term processes
Term
Is the nervous system or the endocrine system a physically connected network?
Definition
Nervous system
Term
Something that causes a response is called a?
Definition
Stimulus
Term
Does the CNS or the PNS include the brain and the spinal cord?
Definition
CNS
Term
What are the three main parts of a neuron and what do they do?
Definition
Cell body- contains nucleus and organelles
Dendrites- receive messages from neighboring cells
Axon- Carries signal away from cell body to other cells
Term
What are the three types of neurons and what are their functions?
Definition
Sensory neurons- detect stimuli and transmit signals to brain and spinal cord
Interneurons- receive signals from sensory neurons, processes the information, and pass signals to motor neurons
Motor neurons- pass messages from the nervous system to other tissues, such as muscles
Term
What causes resting potential in neurons?
Definition
The unequal concentration of ions inside and outside the cell
Term
At rest, are there more K+ or Na+ ions inside the cell? Is the inside of the cell negatively charged or positively charged?
Definition
More K+ in the cell. The cell in negatively charged.
Term
When a neuron is stimulated, what happens?
Definition
Gated channels for Na+ open, and Na+ goes into the cell. This makes the next channel open. At the same time, the K+ channels are slowly opening, allowing K+ to diffuse out.
Term
When the signal crosses the tiny gap between neurons, what is it called?
Definition
Synapse
Term
What part of the axon contains chemical-filled vesicles that bind to the membrane and release their chemicals during a synapse?
Definition
Axon terminal
Term
What is the role of neurotransmitters?
Definition
They bind to the receptor proteins on the adjacent neuron and generate action potential
Term
The senses help the body maintain what?
Definition
Homeostasis
Term
What are the five types of sensory receptors and what do they do?
Definition
Photoreceptors- sense light
Mechanoreceptors- Sense pressure, movement, tension
Chemoreceptors- Sense chemicals dissolved in a fluid
Thermoreceptors- Sense temperature
pain receptors- Sense heat or the lack of it, and chemicals released by damaged tissues
Term
Where are the rod and cone cells located, and what is the difference between them?
Definition
They are located on the back wall of the eye, the retina. The difference is that rod cells detect light and cone cells detect color
Term
What is the purpose of adjusting the size of the pupil?
Definition
To control how much light enters the eye
Term
Put these steps in order: A. Light stimulates rod and cone cells. B. Light goes through the cornea. C. Light passes through the lens. D. Light passes through the pupil.
Definition
BDCA
Term
What are hair cells and how do they help you hear?
Definition
Hair cells detect vibrations in the cochlea and bend which generates impulses that are sent to the brain.
Term
What regulates balance?
Definition
In the semicircular canals, fluid moves when your head moves and that bends the hair cells generating impulses which regulate balance
Term
True or false. Your smell and taste senses are closely related.
Definition
True
Term
What type of sensors are the sensors that sense smells and taste?
Definition
Chemoreceptors
Term
What are the 3 small bones in the ear called?
Definition
Mallus, Incus, Stapes
Term
What are papillae?
Definition
The bumps on the tongue
Term
How many flavors can the tongue detect?
Definition
5-sweet, sour, salty, bitter, savory
Term
What type of sensors are the sensors that sense touch?
Definition
Mechanoreceptors
Term
The sensors that sense temperature and pain or what kind of sensors?
Definition
Thermoreceptors and pain receptors
Term
Are the mechanoreceptors that detect heavy pressure located in the upper layer of skin or the deeper layer of skin?
Definition
Deeper layer of skin
Term
How do pain receptors sense pain?
Definition
They detect chemicals that are released by damaged cells
Term
What is the difference between steroid hormones and non-steroid hormones?
Definition
Steroid hormones enter the cell and non-steroid hormones don't enter the cell. Also, All steroid hormones are made up of cholesterol and there are 3 types of non-steroid hormones that are made up of one or more amino acids.
Term
Where are hormones made?
Definition
Glands
Term
Put these steps in order: A. Steroid hormone diffuses through the cell membrane B.Steroid binds with a receptor in the cell C. The hormone and receptor enter the nucleus and bind to the DNA D. Steroid hormone causes DNA to make proteins.
Definition
ABCD
Term
List the steps that a non-steroid hormone goes through to create a protein or an enzyme.
Definition
1. Binds to receptor in cell membrane
2. Receptor stimulates 2nd messenger
3. 2nd messenger starts a series of chemical reactions in the cytoplasm
4. 2nd messenger reactions activate enzymes
Term
What does the hypothalamus do?
Definition
-makes hormones to stimulate pituitary gland
-controls growth, reproduction, and body temperature
Term
What does the pituitary gland do?
Definition
-controls cell growth and concentration of water in blood
-makes some hormones that stimulate the adrenals, thyroid, and gonads
Term
What does the thyroid gland do?
Definition
Regulates metabolism, growth, development
Term
What does the thymus do?
Definition
-Makes hormones that causes white blood cells to mature
-Stimulates white blood cells to fight off infection
Term
What do the adrenal glands do?
Definition
-Control "fight or flight" response
-makes hormones that increase breathing rate, blood pressure, and alertness
Term
What does the pancreas do?
Definition
-Makes digestive enzymes
-regulates how much glucose the body stores and uses
Term
What do the gonads do?
Definition
-makes steroid hormones that influence sexual development and functions
Term
What is the correct order of steps that the body goes through in response to the cold?
Definition
-thermoreceptors send a signal to the hypothalamus
-Hypothalamus releases TRH
-Pituitary gland releases TSH
-TSH stimulates thyroid to release thyroxine
-cells become more active
Term
What are releasing hormones?
Definition
Hormones that stimulate other glands to release other hormones
Term
True or false. Too much or too little of a hormone will not affect the entire body.
Definition
False. Wrong amounts of hormones affect the entire body. Some diseases caused by this are hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and others.
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