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CH 27
Summary
42
Psychology
Graduate
02/17/2015

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Cards

Term
internal causes
Definition
We tend to assign causal status to events that immediately precede behavior, and when causal variables are not readily apparent in the immediate surrounding environment, the tendency to turn to _____ is strong.
Term
Hypothetical constructs
Definition
_____ such as willpower and drive are explanatory fictions that bring us no closer to understanding the behaviors they claim to explain and lead to circular reasoning.
Term
two-response
Definition
Skinner (1953) conceptualized self-control as a ____ phenomenon: The [controlling response] affects variables in such a way as to change the probability of the other, the [controlled response].
Term
self-managment
Definition
We define ____ as the personal application of behavior change tactics that produces a desired change in behavior.
Term
relative
Definition
Self-management is a _____ concept. A behavior change program may entail a small degree of self-management or be totally conceived, designed, and implemented by the person.
Term
in order to change
Definition
We recommend that self-management be used in reference to a person acting in some way ___ his subsequent behavior.
Term
Self-control
Definition
____ implies that the ultimate control of behavior lies within the person, but the causal factors for "self-control" are to be found in a person's experiences with his environment.
Term
separate self inside
Definition
Self-control "seems to suggest controlling a ___ or that there is a ___ controlling external behavior" (Baum, 1994)
Term
Self-control
Definition
____ implies that the ultimate control of behavior lies within the person, but the causal factors for "self-control" are to be found in a person's experiences with his environment.
Term
separate self inside
Definition
Self-control "seems to suggest controlling a ___ or that there is a ___ controlling external behavior" (Baum, 1994)
Term
"delay gratification"
Definition
Self-control is also used to refer to a person's ability to ____ by responding to achieve a delayed, but larger or higher quality reward instead of acting to obtain an immediate, less valuable reward.
Term
Four uses of Self Management
Definition
- live a more effective and efficient daily life
- break bad habits and acquiring good ones
- accomplish difficult tasks
- achieve personal lifestyle goals
Term
not accessible
Definition
Self-managment can influence behaviors ___ to external change agents.
Term
miss
Definition
External change agents often ____ important instances of behavior.
Term
generalization & maintenance
Definition
Self-management can promote the ____ of behavior change.
Term
self-management skills
Definition
A small repertoire of ____ can control many behaviors.
Term
diverse abilities
Definition
People with ____ can learn self-managment.
Term
self-selected
Definition
Some people perform better under ___ tasks and performance criteria.
Term
efficient & effective
Definition
People with good self-managment skills contribute to more ___ group environments.
Term
meaningful practice
Definition
Teaching students self-management skills provides ____ for other areas of the curriculum.
Term
education
Definition
Self-managment is an ultimate goal of ____.
Term
society
Definition
Self-managment benefits ____.
Term
feel free.
Definition
Self-managment helps a person ____.
Term
good.
Definition
Self-managment feels ___.
Term
Antecedent-based
Definition
_____ self-managment tactics feature the manipulation of events or stimuli antecedent to the target (controlled) behavior.
Term
Self-Monitoring
Definition
____ is a procedure whereby a person observes and responds to, usually be recording, the behavior he is trying to change.
Term
clinical assessment
Definition
Originally developed as a method of ____ for collecting data on behaviors that only the client could observe, self-monitoring evolved into the most widely used and studied self-managment strategy because it often results in desired behavior change.
Term
self-evalution.
Definition
Self-monitoring is often combined with goal setting and ____. A person using ____ compares her performance with a predetermined goal or standard.
Term
intervention
Definition
Self-monitoring is often part of an ___ that includes reinforcement for meeting either self- or teacher-selected goals.
Term
private events
Definition
It is difficult to determine exactly how self-monitoring works because the procedure necessarily includes, and is therefore confounded by, _____ (cover verbal behavior); it often includes either explicit or implicit contingencies of reinforcement.
Term
faded matching technique
Definition
Children can be taught to self-monitor and self-record their behavior accurately by means of a _____, in which the child is rewarded initially for producing the data that match the teacher's or parent's data. over time the child is required to match the adult's record less often, eventually monitoring the behavior independently.
Term
Accuracy
Definition
____ of self-monitoring is neither necessary not sufficient to achieve improvement in the behavior being monitored.
Term
Suggested Guidelines for Self-Monitoring
Definition
- Provide materials that make it easy.
- Provide supplementary cues or prompts
- Self-Monitor the most important dimension of the target behavior.
- Do it early and often, but do not interrupt the flow of a desired behavior targeted for increase.
- Reinforce accurate self-monitoring.
Term
self-reinforcement (as also, self-punishment)
Definition
As a technical term, _____ is a misnomer.
Term
Self-administered contingencies
Definition
_____ analogous to positive and negative reinforcement and positive and negative punishment can be incorporated into self-management programs.
Term
When using self-administered consequences, a person should:
Definition
- Select small, easy-to-deliver consequences
- Set meaningful but easy-to-meet criterion for reinforcement
- Eliminate "bootleg reinforcement"
- If necessary, put someone else in control of delivery consequences.
- Use the least complicated and intrusive contingencies that will be effective.
Term
Self-instruction
Definition
_____ (talking to oneself) can function as controlling responses (verbal mediators) that affect the occurrence of other behaviors.
Term
Habit reversal
Definition
____ is a multiple component treatment package in which clients are taught to self-monitor their unwanted habits and interrupt the behavior chain as early as possible by engaging in a behavior incompatible with the problem behavior.
Term
Systematic Desensitization
Definition
____ is a behavior therapy treatment for anxieties, fears, and phobias that involves substituting one behavior, generally muscle relaxation, for the unwanted behavior - the fear and anxiety.
Term
Self-Directed Systematic Desensitization
Definition
____ involves developing a hierarchy of situations from the least to the most fearful and the learning to relax while imaging those anxiety-producing situation, first the least fearful situation, then the next fearful one, and so on.
Term
Massed Practice
Definition
____, forcing oneself to perform an undesired behavior again and again, can decrease the future frequency of behavior.
Term
behavior changes behavior
Definition
The most fundamental principle of self-managment is that ____.
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