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Details

CH 26
Summary
17
Psychology
Graduate
04/21/2015

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Cards

Term
specified behavior
Definition
A contingency contract, also called a behavioral contract, is a document that specifies a contingent relation between the completion of a ______ and access to, or delivery of, a specified reward such as free time, a letter grade, or access to a favorite activity.
Term
Three major parts of every contingency contract
Definition
1) A description of the task
2) A description of the reward
3) The task record
Term
Description of the task
Definition
Who, what, when, and HOW WELL should be specified here.
Term
Description of the reward
Definition
Who, what, when and HOW MUCH should be specified here.
Term
Task Record
Definition
A place for recording the progress of the contingency contract and providing interim rewards.
Term
rule-governed behaviors
Definition
Implementing a contract involves a complex package intervention of related positive and negative reinforcement contingencies and _____ behaviors that operate alone and together.
Term
Contracting
Definition
_____ has been used widely in classroom, home, and clinical settings.
Term
self-management
Definition
Contracts have also been used to teach _____ to children.
Term
self-monitoring
Definition
A self-contract is a contingency contract that an individual makes with herself, incorporating a self-selected task and reward as well as _____ of task completion and self-delivery of the reward.
Term
Three Components of a Token Economy
Definition
1) Specified list of target behaviors to be reinforced.
2) Tokens, or points, that participants receive for emitting target behaviors.
3) A menu of items or activities, privileges, and backup reinforcers from which participants choose and obtain by exchanging tokens they have earned.
Term
generalized conditioned reinforcers
Definition
Tokens function as _____ because they have been paired with a wide variety of backup reinforcers.
Term
hierarchy of levels
Definition
A level system is a type of token economy in which participants move up or down a _____ contingent on meeting specific performance criteria with respect to the target behaviors.
Term
Six Basic Steps for designing a Token Economy:
Definition
1) Selecting the tokens that will serve as a medium of exchange
2) identifying the target behaviors and rules
3) selecting a menu of backup reinforcers
4) establishing a ratio of exchange
5) writing procedures to specify when and how tokens will be dispensed and exchanged and what will happen if the requirements to earn a token are not met
6) field testing the system before full-scale implementation.
Term
token economy
Definition
When establishing a _____, decisions must be made regarding how to begin, conduct, maintain, evaluate, and remove the system.
Term
common consequence
Definition
A group contingency is one in which a _____ is contingent on the behavior of one member of the group, the behavior of part of the group, or the behavior of everyone in the group.
Term
interdependent
Definition
Group contingencies can be classified as independent, dependent and _____.
Term
Six Guidelines for implementing a group contingency
Definition
1) Choose a powerful reward.
2) Determine the behavior to change and any collateral behaviors that might be affected.
3) Set appropriate performance criteria.
4) Combine with other procedures when appropriate.
5) Select the most appropriate group contingency.
6) Monitor individual and group performance.
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