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Ch.1- History of Microbiology
BIOL 440- FLC, Jahangiri
20
Microbiology
Undergraduate 1
09/04/2013

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Cards

Term
Robert Hooke (England)- 1665
Definition
-First compound microscope (very poor quality)
-first to use the term cell
-published "things in water"
Term
Antoni can Leeuwenhoek (Dutch)
Definition
-First simple microscope (much better quality)
-Textile merchant
-Inspired by Hooke's work and created perfect lenses
Term
What 4 questions drove the Golden age of Microbiology and what were the years?
Definition
1847-1914
1. Is spontaneous generation (abiogensis) possible?
2. What causes fermentation?
3. What causes disease?
4. How to prevent infection?
Term
Who proposed Abiogensis (spontaneous generation) and what did it mean?
Definition
Proposed by Aristotle
Living things can arise from non-living things
Term
Francisco Redi (Italy)- 1800's
Definition
placed meat in three different containers with different seals and showed that only the ones exposed to air formed maggots. First to plant seed of doubt in theory of Abiogensis
Term
Louis Pasteur (France)- 1861- Father of Microbiology
Definition
-Made swan neck flasks that allowed oxygen into the solution but didn't let microbes- disproved abiogensis
-Through experiments with wine (first funded research), developed the scientific theory and germ theory
Term
Bachner (Germany)
Definition
Found you only need enzymes from yeast, not the yeast itself, to cause fermentation
Term
Robert Koch
Definition
studied causative agents for anthrax and TB. Developed the Koch postulates and new lab protocols
Term
Koch Lab protocols
Definition
1. smeared agents onto media- agar- so they would last longer
2. Examines colonies and growth patterns on plates
3. Growth and isolation (streak plate)
4. Simple staining methods
5. Gram staining developed by Koch's lab assistant (1884)
Term
1882- Koch's Postulates (4)
Definition
1. Suspected causative agent must be found in ever case of disease and absent from healthy hosts
2. Must be isolated and grown outside host
3. When introduced tinto healthy, susceptible hosts, host must get the disease
4. same agent must be re-isolated.
Term
Exceptions to Koch's Postulates
Definition
1. Some pathogens can't be cultured in the lab
2. Ethical consideration
3. Disease can be cause by more than one pathogen
4. pathogens that are ignored as potential causes of disease
Term
Semmelweis
Definition
Handwashing in OB wards
reduced mortality rate from 18 to 1%
made interns wash hands with chlorinated lime juice after working with cadavers
Term
Lister
Definition
Antiseptic Technique
Surgeon who sprayed Phenol on wounds- reduced mortality by 2/3
Term
Listerine- 1879, Lamber and Dr. Lawrence
Definition
first surgical antiseptic.
Started using in oral care in 1895
Term
Florence Nightingale
Definition
Nurse in the Army. Instituted clothing and wound dressing changes to reduce infection
Term
John Snow
Definition
Noticed cholera outbreak was confined to one area of the town around a central water source- Epidemiology
Term
Edward Jenner
Definition
Vaccine- Injected cowpox into a boy to prove that he was immune to smallpox
Term
Serology
Definition
blood has chemicals & cells that fight infection
Term
Immunology
Definition
study of the body's defense against specific pathogens
Term
Chemotherapy
Definition
using chemicals to kill microbes- can be used in the blood
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