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Ch 1
A View of Life
39
Biology
Undergraduate 1
10/07/2009

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Term
characteristics of life
Definition
Precise kind of organization
Growth and development
Self-regulated metabolism
Ability to respond to stimuli
Reproduction
Adaptation to environmental change
Term
prokaryotes
Definition
bacteria & archaea only. no organelles or nucleus
Term
metabolism
Definition
all chemical activities taking place within an organism
Term
homeostasis
Definition
appropriate, balanced internal environment. homeostatic mechanisms - very sensitive & efficient
Term
stimuli
Definition
involve movement
Term
slow oozing of the cell
Definition
Amoeboid movement. movement in response to stimuli
Term
emergent properties
Definition
properties exclusive to their level, not found on other levels
Term
levels of ecological organization
Definition
population- species in same area & time
community- all populations in same area
ecosystem- community & nonliving environment
biosphere- all ecosystems in all of earth's layers
Term
ecology
Definition
study of relationship between organisms & environments
Term
3 basic themes of biology
Definition
evolution. transmission of information. energy for life
Term
sessile
Definition
sponges, etc. in adult life do not move. but have cilia, beat rhythmically
Term
genes
Definition
units of hereditary material
Term
double helix
Definition
each strings of nucleotides. 3 make a unit
Term
proteins
Definition
large molecules. determine structure & function
Term
neutrotransmitters
Definition
electrical impulses & chemical compounds. transmit signals from receptors to brain in nervous system
Term
systematics
Definition
studies diversity of organisms & their evolutionary relationships
Term
taxonomy
Definition
science of naming & classifying organisms
Term
binomial system of nomenclature
Definition
Linnaeus. 1st genus, capitalized, can be abbrev. 2nd specific epithet, shows species, lowercase. italicized
Term
taxon
Definition
each formal grouping
Term
hierarchial classification. what are the taxons?
Definition
domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species
Term
Woese did what?
Definition
found RNA differs less in closer organisms. classified domains
Term
name the domains & kingdoms
Definition
domains: bacteria, archaea, eukarya.
kingdoms: bacteria, archaea, protista, fungi, plantae, animalia.
Term
gene pool
Definition
all genes present in population
Term
kingdom protista
Definition
•protozoa, algae, water molds, slime molds
•Unicellular/ simple multicellular
•Some photosynthetic
Term
kingdom plantae
Definition
•Complex multicellular photosynthetics
•Features
oHave cuticule- waxy covering to reduce water loss
oStomata- tiny openins in stems & leaves for gas exchange
oMany have multicellular gametangia- organs protect developing reproductive cells
•Nonvascular plants
omosses
•Vascular plants- have tissues to transport materials throughout
oferns, conifers, flowering plants
•Many adapted to terrestrial environments
Term
gametangia
Definition
organs protect developing reproductive cells
Term
kingdom fungi
Definition
•Yeasts, mildews, molds, mushrooms
•No photosynthesis; use digestive enzymes and absorb food
Term
kingdom animalia
Definition
•Multicellular
•Eat other organisms for food
•Tissue specialization, evolved organs & systems
Term
natural selection. darwin's 4 observations
Definition
oIndividual members of species have variation
oMore offspring than do survive
oCompetition for resources like food, sunlight, space. Survival of fittest
oSurvivors pass characteristics to offspring
Term
cellular respiration
Definition
releases energy to do work
Term
self sufficient ecosystem contains:
Definition
producers, consumers, decomposers
Term
photosynthesis reaction:
Definition
H2O + CO2+ sunlight --> O2 + glucose
Term
respiration reaction:
Definition
glucose + O2 --> H2O + CO2 + energy
Term
a good hypothesis is:
Definition
consistent with known facts. testable, falsifiable. experiement is non-biased & repeatable
Term
sampling error avoided by
Definition
bigger samples
Term
theory
Definition
explanation supported by many hypotheses & consistent results
Term
systems biology
Definition
uses data from reductionism to leran about systems as a whole. interaction between parts & levels of an organism. how systems work.
Term
Watson & Crick
Definition
DNA model
Term
double blind study
Definition
neither doctors nor patients know
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