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CH 17
Key Terms
17
Psychology
Graduate
04/30/2015

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Term
antecedent stimulus class
Definition
A set of stimuli that share a common relationship. All stimuli in this class evoke the same operant behavior, or elicit the same respondent behavior.
Term
arbitrary stimulus class
Definition
Antecedent stimuli that evoke the same response but do not resemble each other in physical form or share a relational aspect such as bigger or under (e.g. peanuts, cheese, coconut milk, and chicken breasts are members of an arbitrary stimulus class if they evoke the response "sources of protein")
Term
concept formation
Definition
A complex example of stimulus control that requires stimulus generalization within a class of stimuli and discrimination between classes of stimuli.
Term
discriminative stimulus (sD)
Definition
A stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type have been reinforced and in the absence of which the same type of responses have occurred and not been reinforced.
Term
feature stimulus class
Definition
Stimuli that share common physical forms or structures (e.g., made from wood, four legs, round, blue) or common relative relationships (e.g., bigger than, hotter than, higher than, next to).
Term
matching-to-sample
Definition
A procedure for investigating conditional relations and stimulus equivalence. A matching-to-sample trial begins with the participant making a response that presents or reveals the sample stimulus; next, the sample stimulus may or may not be removed, and two or more comparison stimuli are presented. The participant then selects one of the comparison stimuli. Responses that select a comparison stimulus that matches the sample stimulus are reinforced,and no reinforcement is provided for responses selecting the nonmatching comparison stimuli.
Term
reflexivity
Definition
A type of stimulus-to-stimulus relation in which the learner, without any prior training or reinforcement for doing so, selects a comparison stimulus that is the same as the sample stimulus (e.g., A=A)
Term
stimulus control
Definition
A situation in which the frequency, latency, duration, or amplitude of a behavior is altered by the presence or absence of an antecedent stimulus.
Term
stimulus delta (s^)
Definition
A stimulus in the presence of which a given behavior has not produced reinforcement in the past.
Term
stimulus discrimination training
Definition
The conventional procedure requires one behavior and two antecedent stimulus conditions. Responses are reinforced in the presence of one stimulus condition, the sD, but not int he presence of the other stimulus, the s^.
Term
stimulus equivalence
Definition
The emergence of accurate responding to untrained and nonreinforced stimulus-stimulus relations following the reinforcement of responses to some stimulus-stimulus relations. A positive demonstration of reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity is necessary to meet the definition of stimulus equivalence.
Term
stimulus generalization
Definition
When an antecedent stimulus has a history of evoking a response that has been reinforced in its presence, the same type of behavior tends to be evoked by stimuli that share similar physical properties with the controlling antecedent stimulus.
Term
stimulus generalization gradient
Definition
A graphic depiction of the extent to which behavior that has been reinforced in the presence of a specific stimulus condition is emitted in the presence of other stimuli. It shows relative degree of stimulus generalization and stimulus control (or discrimination).
Term
symmetry
Definition
A type of stimulus-to-stimulus relationship in which the learner, without prior training or reinforcement for doing so, demonstrates the reversibility of matched sample and comparison stimuli (e.g., if A = B, then B = A).
Term
transitivity
Definition
A derived (i.e., untrained) stimulus-stimulus relation (e.g., A = C, C = A) that emerges as a product of training two other stimulus-stimulus relations (e.g., A = B, and B = C)
Term
flat slope
Definition
A _____ across test stimuli shows a high degree of stimulus generalization and relatively little discrimination between the trained stimulus and other stimuli.
Term
drops sharply
Definition
A slope that _____ from its highest point corresponding to the trained stimulus indicates a high degree of stimulus control (discrimination) and relatively little stimulus generalization.
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