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ch 13
psych disorders
32
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
06/01/2010

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Term
DSM-IV-TR
Definition
A classification system that describes the features used to diagnose each recognized mental disorder and indicates how the disorder can be distinguished from other problems
Term
Comorbidity
Definition
The co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual
Term
Diathesis-stress model
Definition
Suggests that a person may be predisposed for a mental disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress
Term
Anxiety disorder
Definition
the class of mental disorder in which anxiety is the predominant feture
Term
Generalized anxiety disorder
Definition
A disorder characterized by chronic excessive worry accompanied by three or more of the following symptoms; restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irrability, and sleep disturbance
Term
Phobic disorders
Definition
Disorder characterized by marked, persistent, and excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects or situations
Term
Specific phobia
Definition
A disorder that involves an irrational fear of a particular object, that interferes with an individual's ability of function
Term
Social phobia
Definition
A disorder that involves an irrational fear of being publicly embarrassed
Term
Preparedness theory
Definition
the idea that people are instinctively predisposed toward certain fears
Term
Panic Disorder
Definition
A disorder characterized by the sudden occurrence of multiple psychological and physiological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror
Term
Agoraphobia
Definition
An extreme fear of venturing into public places
Term
OCD
Definition
A disorder in which repetitive, intrusive thoughts and ritual behaviors interfere with an individual's functioning
Term
Dissociative disorder
Definition
A condition in which normal cognitive processes are severely disjointed and fragmented creating significant disruptions in memory, awareness, or personality that can vary in length from a matter of minutes to many years
Term
Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
Definition
The presence within an individual of two or more distinct identities that at different times take control of the individual's behavior
Term
Dissociative amnesia
Definition
The sudden loss of memory for a significant personal information
Term
Dissociative fugue
Definition
The sudden loss of memory for one's personal history, accompanied by an abrupt departure from home and the assumption of a new identity
Term
Mood disorder
Definition
Mental disorders that have mood disturbances as their predominant feature
Term
Major depressive disorder
Definition
A disorder characterized by a severely depressed mood that loasts 2 weeks or more and is accompanied by feelings of worthlessness and lack of pleasure
Term
Dysthymia
Definition
A disorder that involves the same symptoms as in depression only less severe, but the symptoms last longer, about 2 years
Term
Double depression
Definition
A moderately depressed mood that persists for at least 2 years and is punctuated by periods of major depression
Term
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
Definition
Depression that involves recurrent depressive episodes in a seasonal pattern
Term
Helplessness theory
Definition
The idea that individuals who are prone to depression automatically attribute negative experiences to cause that are internal
Term
Schizophrenia
Definition
A disorder characterizd by the profound disruption of basic psychological process; a distorted reality; altered emotions; and disturbances i thought or behvior
Term
Delusion
Definition
A patently false belief system, often bizarre and grandiose, that is maintained in spite of its irrationality
Term
Disorganized speech
Definition
A severe disruption of verbal communication in which ideas shift rapidly and incoherently from one to another unrelated topic
Term
Grossly disorganized behavior
Definition
Behavior that is inappropriate for the situation or ineffective in attaining goals
Term
Catatonic behavior
Definition
A marked decrease in all movement or an increase in muscular rigidity and overactivity
Term
Negative symptoms
Definition
emotional and social withdrawal and other indications of the absence or insufficiency of normal behavior. motivation, emotion
Term
Dopamine hypothesis
Definition
The idea that schizophrenia involves an excess of dopamine activity
Term
Expressed emotion
Definition
Emotional over-involvement and excessive criticism directed towards the former patient by his or her family
Term
Personality disorder
Definition
Disorder characterized by deeply ingrained inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others or controlling impulses that cause distress or impaired functioning
Term
Antisocial personality disorder (APD)
Definition
A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others that begins in the childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood.
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