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Ch.11 - Chromosomes and Human Inheritance Patterns
Biology: Concepts and Investigations -- Marielle Hoefnagels
28
Biology
Undergraduate 1
07/19/2010

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Cards

Term

 

 

 

Chromosome

Definition

 

 

 

a discrete package of DNA and associated protein

Term

 

 

 

Autosomes

Definition

 

 

non-sex chromosome, chromosomes that are the same for both sexes.

Term

 

 

 

Sex chromosomes

Definition

 

 

 

determines whether an individual is male or female

Term

 

 

 

Which sex chromosomes do females have?

Definition

 

 

Two X chromosomes; XX

Term

 

 

 

Which sex chromosomes do males have?

Definition

 

 

 

an X and Y chromosome; XY

Term

 

 

 

When a cell is not dividing, how do its chromosomes look?

Definition

 

 

its chromosomes are very loosely packed in the nucleus and are therefore not visible

Term

 

 

 

Karyotype

Definition

 

 

a size-ordered chart of all the chromosomes in any cell of an organism.

Term

 

 

Which characteristics that uniquely identify each chromosome are illustrated by Karotypes?

 

Definition

 

 

size, banding pattern, and centromere position

Term

 

 

 

Size (in reference to chromosomes)

Definition

 

 

Autosomes are numbered based on size. 1 is the largest 22 is the smallest

Term

 

 

 

Banding patterns

Definition

 

 

 

stains applied to chromosomes highlight unique 

Term

 

 

 

patterns of light 

Definition

 

 

 

a dark-staining band, which differ among the chromosome types

Term

 

 

 

Centromere

Definition

 

 

 

a centromere is a characteristically located constriction in a chromosome

Term

 

 

 

Linked genes

Definition

 

 

 

are carried on the same chromosome; they are therefore inherited together.

Term

 

 

 

Gene linkage

Definition

 

 

changes the results of a Dihybrid cross.

Term

 

 

 

Crossing over

Definition

 

 

 

an exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

Term

 

 

 

Recombinant chromosomes

Definition

 

 

 

have a mix of maternal and paternal alleles

Term

 

 

 

Parental chromosomes

Definition

 

 

retain the allele combinations from each parent

Term

 

 

 

Linkage maps

Definition

 

 

 

are diagrams of gene order and spacing on chromosomes

Term

 

 

 

Breaking linkage

Definition

 

crossing over is more likely to separate the alleles of genes A and B (or A and C) than to separate the alleles of genes B and C because there is more room for an exchange to occur

Term

 

 

 

Autosomal dominant

Definition

 

 

 

inheritance pattern of a dominant allele on an autosome

Term

 

True or False: When someone has an autosomal dominant allele, the phenotype effects the males and females equally and can skip a generation. 

Definition

 

 

False; when someone has an autosomal recessive allele this is true.

Term

 

 

 

Autosomal recessive

Definition

 

 

 

 inheritance pattern of a recessive allele on an autosome

Term

 

 

When someone has an autosomal dominant allele, the phenotype affects the male and female equally and does not skip generations.

Definition

 

 

True

Term

 

 

 

Pedigree

Definition

 

 

 

are charts that simultaneously depict family inheritance patterns for a phenotype.

Term

 

 

 

Sex-linked

Definition

 

 

 

describes genes or traits on the X or Y chromosome

Term

 

 

 

X-linked

Definition

 

 

 

describes genes and traits on the X chromosome

Term

 

 

 

X-activation

Definition

 

a cell shuts off all but one X chromosome in each cell, a process that happens early in the embryonic development of a mammal

Term

 

 

True or FalseX-linked recessive disorders are more common in males that in females

Definition

 

True; because males have only one X chromosome to a female’s two

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