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Ch 10: Race and Ethnicity
N/A
35
Sociology
Undergraduate 2
07/26/2011

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Term
race
Definition
a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior, often on the basis of physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, and eye shape
Term
ethnic group
Definition
a collection of people distinguished, by others or themselves, primarily on the basis of cultural or nationality characteristics
Term
ethnicity
Definition
defines individuals who are believed to share common characteristics that differentiate them from the other collectivities in a society
Term
dominant group
Definition
a group that is advantaged and has superior resources and rights in a society
Term
subordinate group
Definition
a group whose members, because of physical or cultural characteristics, are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment by the dominant group and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination
Term
prejudice
Definition
a negative attitude based on faulty generalizations about members of selected racial and ethnic groups
Term
stereotypes
Definition
overgeneralizations about the appearance, behavior, or other characteristics of members of particular categories
Term
racism
Definition
a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that is used to justify the superior treatment of one racial or ethnic group and the inferior treatment of another racial or ethnic group
Term
ethnocentrism
Definition
the tendency to regard one's own culture and group as the standard and thus superior, whereas all other groups are seen as inferior
Term
prejudice
Definition
people may be biased either for or against members of other groups even before they have had any contact with them
Term
frustration-aggression hypothesis
Definition
people who are frustrated in their efforts to achieve a highly desired goal will respond with a pattern of aggression towards others
Term
scapegoat
Definition
a person or group that is incapable of offering resistance to hostility or aggression of others
Term
authoritarian personality
Definition
a personality type characterized by excessive conformity, submissiveness to authority, intolerance, insecurity, a high level of superstition, and rigid, stereotypic thinking
Term
social distance
Definition
the extent to which people are willing to interact and establish relationships with members of racial and ethnic groups other than their own
Term
discrimination
Definition
actions or practices of dominant group members (or their representatives) that have a harmful effect on members of a subordinate group
Term
genocide
Definition
the deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation
Term
individual discrimination
Definition
behavior consisting of one-on-one acts by members of the dominant group that harm members of the subordinate group or their property
Term
institutional discrimination
Definition
the day-to-day practices of organizations and institutions that have a harmful impact on members of subordinate groups
Term
Feagin's 4 major types of discrimination
Definition
isolate discrimination
small group discrimination
direct institutionalized discrimination
indirect institutionalized discrimination
Term
contact hypothesis
Definition
symbolic interactionists point out that contact between people from divergent groups should lead to favorable attitudes and behavior when certain factors are present
Term
structural assimilation or integration
Definition
occurs when members of subordinate racial or ethnic groups gain acceptance in everyday social interaction with members of the dominant group
Term
assimilation
Definition
a process by which members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups become absorbed into the dominant culture
Term
cultural assimilation or acculturation
Definition
occurs when members of an ethnic group adopt dominant group traits, such as language, dress, values, religion, and food preferences
Term
ethnic pluralism
Definition
the coexistence of a variety of distinct racial and ethnic groups within one society
Term
segregation
Definition
the spacial and social separation of categories of people by race, ethnicity, class, gender, and or religion
Term
psychological assimilation
Definition
involves a change in racial or ethnic self identification on the part of an individual
Term
biological assimilation or amalgamation
Definition
occurs when members of one group marry those of other social and ethnic groups
Term
equalitarian pluralism or accommodation
Definition
a situation in which ethnic groups coexist in equality with one another
Term
inequalitarian pluralism or segregation
Definition
when specific ethnic groups are set apart from the dominant group and have unequal access to power and privelege
Term
de jure segregation
Definition
laws that systematically enforced the physical and social separation of African Americans in all areas of public life
Term
de facto segregation
Definition
racial separation and inequality enforced by custome
Term
internal colonialism
Definition
according to conflict theorists, a practice that occurs when members of a racial or ethnic group are conquered or colonized and forcibly placed under the economic and political control of the dominant group
Term
split labor market
Definition
a term used to describe the division of the economy into two areas of employment, a primary sector or upper tier, composed of higher paid workers in more secure jobs, and a secondary sector or lower tier, composed of lower paid workers in jobs with little security and hazardous working conditions
Term
theory of racial formation
Definition
states that actions of the government substantially define racial and ethnic relations in the US
Term
critical race theory
Definition
laws may remedy overt discrimination but have little effect on subtle racism. interest convergence is required for social change
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