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Ch 10/37 Plant Metabolism and Nutrition-Biology 106 2015
lecture 13
46
Biology
Undergraduate 1
03/02/2015

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Cards

Term
What does photosynthesis do?
Definition
Convert light energy to the chemical energy of food
Term
What converts solar energy to chemical energy?
Definition
Light reactions
Term
What is created from light reactions?
Definition
ATP and NADPH
Term
What does the Calvin cycle do?
Definition
Uses chemical energy of ATP and NADPH to reduce CO2 to sugar
Term
What has evolved in hot, arid climates?
Definition
carbon fixation
Term
What is an Autotroph?
Definition

An organism that sustains itself without eating anything derived from other organisms. 

(Produces its own food)

Term
What is a Heterotroph?
Definition

An organism that obtains their organic material from other organisms

(rely on other organisms for nutrition)

Term
What is a Mixotroph?
Definition

Both an Autotroph and Heterotroph

(They are self sustaining, as well as obtain nutrients from other organisms)

Term
What does Respiration do? (equation)
Definition
[image]
Term
What does photosynthesis do? (equation)
Definition
[image]
Term
Explain the difference between respiration and photosunthesis
Definition
[image]
Term
Heres a picture of plant stuff you should probably rememeber :D
Definition
[image]
Term
What does photosynthesis consist of?
Definition

Light reations (photopart)

Calvin-Benson cycle (synthesis part)

Term
Where do light reations occur?
Definition
In the thylakoids
Term
Where does the Calvin-Benson cycle occur?
Definition
In the stoma
Term
Name the steps for light reactions
Definition

Split H2O

Release O2

Reduce NADP+ to NADPH

Generate ATP from ADP by photophosphorylation

Term
What does the Calvin cycle begin with?
Definition
Carbon fixation
Term
Where does the Calvin cycle incorporate CO2?
Definition
Into organic molecules
Term
Photosynthesis figure
Definition
[image]
Term
What are Chloroplasts?
Definition
solar-powered chemical factories
Term
What does Thylakoid membrane tranform?
Definition
light energy into the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH
Term
Light Capture figure
Definition
[image]
Term
Light harvesting figure
Definition
[image]
Term
Describe Electron and energy transfer/transport
Definition
[image]
Term
Describe a photosytem using more than one system
Definition
[image]
Term
How do electrons go to ATP? light reactions
Definition
[image]
Term
What regenerates its starting material after mollecules enter and leave the cycle?
Definition
The Calvin-Benson cycle
Term
What else regenerates its starting material after molecules enter and leave the cycle?
Definition
The citric acid cycle
Term
The Calvin-Benson cycle builds what from smaller molecules?
Definition
Sugar
Term
How are the smaller molecules used to build sugar for the Calvin- Benson cycle?
Definition
It uses ATP and reduces the power of electrons carried by NADPH
Term
What are the three phases of the Calvin-Benson cycle?
Definition

Carbon fixatin(catalyzed by Rubisco)

Reduction

Regeneration of the CO2 acceptor(RuBP)

Term
What phase of the calvin-benson cycle is catalyzed by Rubisco?
Definition
Carbon fixation
Term
What is the CO2 acceptor?
Definition
RuBP aka Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (reacts with Rubisco)
Term
Describe the Calvin Cycle
Definition
[image]
Term
What is a problem for plants that requires trade-offs with other metabolic processes?
Definition
Dehydration
Term
What do plants do on hot, dry days to conserve H2O and what does this limit?
Definition
It closes the stomata, which conserves H2O, but limits photosynthesis
Term
What reduces access to CO2?
Definition
closing the stomata
Term
What does hot, arid conditions favor?
Definition
Photorespriation
Term
What are most plants called that use alternative mechanisms for CO2 fixation?
Definition
C3 plants
Term
What happens with C3 plants?
Definition
They have an initial dixation of CO2, vis Rubisco, and forms a three carbon compound
Term
What does Rubisco react with?
Definition
O2 or CO2
Term
When RUbisco reacts with O2 instead or CO2, what is it called?
Definition
Photorespiration
Term
What does Photorespiration consume and release?
Definition
Photorespiration consumes O2 and energy, and releases CO2 without producing ATP or SUger
Term
What are alternatice Mechanisms for CO2 fixation?
Definition
  • Minimizing photorespiration by concentraitng C02
  • C2 plants
  • Crassulacean Acid metabolism (CAM)
Term
What do C4 plants use?
Definition
compartmentalization to 'pump' CO2
Term
What happens with CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism)?
Definition

They open their stomata at night, incorporating CO2 into organic acids

Stomata close during the day, and CO2 is released from organic acids and used in the Calvin cycle

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