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Cerebellum
motor function in cerebellum
44
Science
Undergraduate 4
12/02/2008

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Term
What do the basal ganglia and the cerebellum have in common?
Definition
The do not have direct access to the lower motor neurons
Term
Where the does cerebellum receive input from?
Definition
A wide area of the cortex
Term
Where does the cerebellum send its projections to?
Definition
upper motor cortex centers
Term
The cerebellum is important for what 3 motor functions?
Definition
1. coordination
2. balance
3. muscle tone
Term
What are the 3 parts of the cerebellum (based on sources of input)?
Definition
1. cerebrocerebellum
2. spinocerebellum
3. vestibular cerebellum
Term
Where is the cerebrocerebellum?
Definition
lateral cerebellar hemispheres
Term
Where does the cerebrocerebellum receive info from?
Definition
many areas of the cerebral cortex
Term
What is the function of the cerebrocerebellum?
Definition
regulates highly skilled movements, especially the planning and execution of complex spatial and temporal sequences
Term
Where is the spinocerebellum located?
Definition
medial and intermediate areas of cerebellum
Term
Where does the spinocerebellum receive input from?
Definition
directly from the spinal cord
Term
What is the function of the spinocerebellum?
Definition
1.lateral part concerned with distal muscles
2. central part (vermis) concerned with proximal muscles and eye movements
Term
What are the two parts of the vestibulocerebellum?
Definition
1. floculus
2. nodulus
Term
What is the function of the vestibulocerebellum?
Definition
regulates movements underlying posture equilibrium
Term
Where does the vestibulocerebellum receive input from?
Definition
The vestibular nuclei in the brain stem
Term
Peduncle
Definition
a pathway to and from the cerebellum
Term
3 peduncles:
Definition
1. superior peduncle
2. middle cerebellar peduncle
3. inferior peduncle
Term
Describe the superior peduncle
Definition
Mostly efferent pathway. Deep cerebellar nuclei send axons out to the upper motor neurons in the red nucleus and deep layers of the SC and after a route through the thalamus, to primary motor neurons in motor and premotor areas
Term
Describe the middle cerebellar peduncle
Definition
affterent pathway to the cerebellum. Pontine nuclei in the pons get input from almost all areas of the cerebral cortex and SC. Axons from potine cross the midline and project to other side of cerebellum
Term
Describe the inferior cerebellar peduncle's efferent axons
Definition
Contains both efferent and afferent axons. Efferent axons project from cerebellum to vestibular nuclei in brain stem and to the reticular formation.
Term
Describe the inferior cerebellar peduncle's afferent axons
Definition
Gets info into cerebellum from the vestibular nuclei, spinal cord, and brain stem tegmentum
Term
What is the major source of input into the cerebellum?
Definition
The cerebral cortex
Term
What is the major destination of the cerebellum?
Definition
cerebrocerebellum
Term
Besides the cerebral cortex, where does the input to the cerebellum come from?
Definition
1. motor cortex
2. premotor cortex
3. primary cortex
4. secondary somatosensory cortex
5. visual areas in posterior parietal lobe
Term
Besides the cerebrocerebellum, where does the information from the cerebellum travel to?
Definition
1. motor cortex
2. premotor cortex
Term
Visually guided movements are a major task of what part of the brain?
Definition
cerebrocerebellum
Term
How do the cerebellum and the cerebrocerebellum work together?
Definition
The cerebrocerebellum lets the cerebellum know what movements are planned and ordered and the cerebellum sends back info to alter planned movements
Term
What projects to the vestibulocerebellum?
Definition
1. vestibular input from 8th cranial nerve (hearing, sense of balance)
2. vestibular nuclei in medulla
Term
Dorsal nucleus of Clarke
Definition
involved in unconscious proprioception
Term
Vestibular and spinal inputs remain ..... from their point of entry in the brain stem so that the right cerebellum is concerned with the right side of the body and left with left
Definition
ipsilateral
Term
Inferior Olivary Nucleus
Definition
associated with voluntary body movement
Term
What are the functions of the inferior olive and locus ceruleus?
Definition
both in brain stem. send input to the cerebellum and are thought to participate in learning and memory of movement
Term
What is the function of cerebellar circuits?
Definition
Prevents overexcitation of deep cerebellum which prevents overshoot in limbs
Term
what is the path of cerebellar circuit?
Definition
Cortex to pontine nuclei to contralateral cerebellum to granule cells in cerebellum
Term
what gives rise to parallel fibers?
Definition
granule cells
Term
Where do the parallel fibers go?
Definition
They ascend to the molecular layer of the cerebellum and form T-shaped dendritic arbors
Term
Where do Granule cells project?
Definition
they project onto and excite Purkinje cells.
Term
Each Purkinje cell makes connections with what?
Definition
with thousands of granule cells
Term
Along with granule cells, purkinje cells are also innervated by...?
Definition
climbing fibers that come from inferior olive
Term
What is the function of the climbing fiber?
Definition
It modulates the granule cell- purkinje cell synapse
Term
Where do purkinje cells project to?
Definition
the deep cerebellar nuclei
Term
Why is output of cerebellum wholly inhibitory?
Definition
because purkinje cells project to the deep cerebellum nuclei and are GABAnergic
Term
Where do deep cerebellar nuclei get excitatory information from?
Definition
mossy and climbing fibers
Term
Functions of cerebellum
Definition
1. gain of reflexes
2. conditioned reflexes (eye blink)
3. motor learning
Term
Parts of Deep cerebellar nuclei
Definition
1. dentate nucleus
2. interposed nucleus
3. fastigial nucleus
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