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Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis & Fermentation
38
Biology
10th Grade
11/28/2007

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Term
Cellular Respiration:
Definition
the complex process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds.
Term
Glycolysis
Definition
a biochemical pathway in which one six-carbon molecule of glucose is oxidized to produce two 3 carbon molecules of pyruvic acid.
Term
NAD+:
Definition
organic molecule that serves as an electron carrier by being oxideized to NAD+ and reduced to NADH
Term
NADH
Definition
an electron carrier molecule.
Term
Anaerobic
Definition
does not require the presence of oxygen
Term
Aerobic Respiration
Definition
: if oxygen is present in the cell’s environment, pyruvic acid is broken down and NADH is used to make a large amount of ATP.
Term
Fermentation:
Definition
When oxygen is absent, some cells can convert pyruvic acid into other compounds through additional biochemical pathways that occur in the cytosol
Term
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Definition
An enzyme converts pyruvic acid made during glycolysis into another 3 carbon compound called lactic acid.
Term
Alcoholic Fermentation
Definition
some plants and unicellular organisms such as yeast, use this to convert pyruvic acid into ethyl alcohol.
Term
Kilocalories:
Definition
one kilocalorie equals 1,000 calories
Term
Mitochondrial Matrix:
Definition
the space inside the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
Term
Oxaloacetic Acid
Definition
: four carbon compound of Krebs Cycle that combines with acetyl CoA to from citric acid.
Term
Citric Acid
Definition
six carbon compound formed in the Krebs Cycle.
Term
FAD
Definition
Falvin Adenine dinucleotide.
Term
What happends during glycolysis?
Definition
Takes place in the cytosol of the cell. During gylcolysis, one glucose molecule is oxideized to form two pyruvic acid molecules. Glycolysis results in a net production of two ATP molecules and two NADH molecules.
Term
What happens if oxygen is not present?
Definition
Glycolysis may lead to anaerobic pathways in which pyruvic acid is converted into other organic molescules in the cytosol.Glycolysis combined with these anaerobic pathways is called fermentation. Fermentation does not produce ATP, but it does regenerate NAD+ which helps keep glycolysis operating.
Term
What happens in lactic acid fermentation?
Definition
An enzyme converts pyruvic acid into lactic acid.
Term
What happens in alcoholic fermentation?
Definition
Other enzymes convert pyruvic acid into ethyl alcohol and CO2
Term
Where does aerobic respiration occue in eukaryotic cells?
Definition
The processes of aerobic respiration occur inside the mitochondria.
Term
Where does the Kreb's Cycle occur?
Definition
In the mitchondiral matrix.
Term
Where is the electron transport chain embedded?
Definition
In the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Term
Cellular Respiration Equation
Definition
C6 H12 O6+ 6O2 ---> 6CO2+ 6H20+ ATP
Term
Celluar Respiration Chart ( Good One)
Definition
Organic Compounds -> Glycolysis ->Pyruvic Acid + ATP -> Aerobic Respiration -> CO2+ H2O
Term
Effiency of Glycolysis
Definition
Energy Required to make ATP / Energy released by oxidation of glucose.
Term
Two Stages of Cellular Respiration
Definition
1.Glycolysis
2. Aerobic Respiration.
Term
Net yield of ATP in Glycolysis
Definition
2
Term
Lactic Acid information
Definition
H+ from NADPH, combines with pyruvic acid to form lactic acid
Term
alcohol fermentation information
Definition
A CO2 molecule is removed from pyruvic acid, the 2 H are added to the 2 carbons which froms ethyl alcohol.
Term
2 Stages of Aerobic Respiration.
Definition
1. Krebs Cycle
2. Electron Transport Chain ( associated with Chemiosmosis)
Term
Locateion in prokaryotes & eurkaryotes
Definition
Prokaryotes : cytosol
eukaryotes: mitchondria
Term
Krebs Cycle
Definition
1. Acetyl CoA + Oxaloacetic Acid= Citric Acid
2. Citric Acid gives CO2 + H+ and becomes 5 carbon compound.
NAD+-> NADPH
3. 5 carbon molecule gives CO2+ H+ becomes 4-carbon molecules and NAD+ -> NADPH.
4. 4 Carbon molecule gives H+ to become 4 carbon molecule. FAD-> FADH2.
5. 4 Carbon Molecule gives H+ to form Oxaloacetic Acid.
Term
Electron Transport Chain
Definition
The electron transport chian uses the high energy electrons in NADH and FADH2 from glycolysis and the Krebs Cycles.
- Water and ATP produced in electron transport chain.
- Electron transport chain- serioes of molecules in a membrane that transfer electrons from one molecule to another.
- ATP Synthase- enzyme that helps in ATP production
Term
Definition
-- electron transport chain and ATP synthase embedded in christae.
- eletron transport chain in cell membrane.
Term
Location of Donation During Electron Transport Chain
Definition
NAD-> beginning of chain
FADH2-> farther down the chain
Term
What is one other key product that is formed in fermentation that is good because ultimatley allows glycolysis to continue ( and ultimatley ATP to continue to be produced)?
Definition
The key product that is formed in fermentation is glucose.
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