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Cellular organelles
name and function of cellular organelles
17
Biology
Undergraduate 2
02/22/2014

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Term
three major regions of cell
Definition
1. nucleus
2. plasma membrane
3. cytoplasm
Term
nucleus
Definition
contains DNA (genetic material)
control center of cell
Term
nuceoli (nucleolus)
Definition
assembly sites for ribosomes, composed of proteins and RNA
Term
plasma membrane
Definition
separates cell contents from their surrounding environment
Term
ribosome
Definition
sites of protein synthesis

free floating or attached to endoplasmic reticulum
Term
endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
provides a system of channels (network) for transport of cellular substances from one part of the cell to the other

highly folded system of tubules and sacs
Term
rough ER
Definition
cisternae (sacs) modify and store newly formed proteins and dispatch to other parts of the cell

called "rough" because studded with ribosomes
Term
smooth ER
Definition
site for steroid and lipid synthesis, lipid metabolism, and drug detoxification

(NO ROLE IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS)
Term
golgi apparatus
Definition
plays a role in packaging proteins and other substances for export from the cell or incorporation into the plasma membrane, packages lysosomal enzymes

stack of flattened sacs with bulbous ends found close to nucleus
Term
lysosomes
Definition
digests worn-out cell structures and foreign substances via phagocytosis or endocytosis

membrane bound sacs containing powerful enzymes
Term
peroxisomes
Definition
detoxify a number of harmful substances, including free radicals

enzyme containing sacs, particularly abundant in kidney and liver cells
Term
mitochondria
Definition
contains enzymes that oxidize foodstuffs to produce ATP via the krebs cycle and electron transport chain
Term
cytoskeletal elements
Definition
1. microtubules
2. intermediate filaments
3. microfilaments
Term
microtubules
Definition
organize the cytoskeleton and direct formation of the spindle formed by centrioles during cell division

made from protein, tubulin
Term
intermediate filaments
Definition
resist mechanical pulling forces acting on cells, stable proteinaceous elements
Term
microfilaments
Definition
provide cell mobility through ability to contract (shorten) and relax (elongate)

made of actin
Term
centrioles
Definition
direct the formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division, form cilia and flagella

rod-shaped bodies that lie at right angles to each other, composed of nine triplets of microtubules
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