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Cells
A flash card set on cell theory, organelles and other topics
19
Science
7th Grade
01/21/2010

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Term
Cell
Definition
The smallest unit of a living thing.
Term
Cell Wall
Definition
A structure found in plant cells that protects the cell and provides the cell its shape and structure.
Term
Cell Membrane
Definition
The protective layer around animal cells that protects the cell.
Term
Vacuole
Definition

Stores food water and waste in cells.

IN ANIMAL CELLS: There are many small ones throughout the cell

IN PLANT CELLS: There is one very large vacuole in the cell

Term
Ribosome
Definition
Creates proteins for the cell.  It's like the factory worker or the construction worker of the cell.
Term
Lysosome
Definition
Stores and allows for reuse of parts of the cell.  It's like the recycling bin of the cell.  
Term
Nucleus
Definition
This is the boss/mayor of the cell.  It gives directions to the other parts of the cell.  It is usually one of the largest organelles in the cell.
Term
Chromatin
Definition
This is the instructions/blueprints/laws of the cell.  Chromatin is made up of DNA, Chromosomes and proteins.  It tells the cell how to operate.  
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Definition
This is the conveyer belt of the cell.  It moves things around inside the cell.  It is also known as the "ER".
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
This is the power plant of the cell.  It uses sugar to produce energy for the cell.
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
The other organelles in the cell rest in the cytoplasm.  This is like the "air" of the cell: it surrounds all the other parts (like jello).
Term
Prokaryotic cells
Definition

A cell with NO MEMBRANE around its nuclear material. 

Example: Bacteria

Term
Eukaryotic Cells
Definition

Cells WITH MEMBRANES around its nuclear material

Example: Animal and Plant Cells

Term
Golgi Body
Definition
Packages and ships things from one cell to another (The ONLY part of the cell that leaves the cell)
Term
Chloroplast
Definition
Uses the suns light to make energy for the cell.  Found in plant cells, not animal cells.
Term
Name the five levels of cellular organization
Definition
(smallest) Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism (Biggest)
Term
Differentiate
Definition
The process the tells a blank cell (stem cell) what "job" it is going to have.  Example: Muscle cell, brain cell, heart cell.
Term
What are the three parts of cell theory
Definition
  1. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things
  2. All cells come from cells that already exist
  3. All living things are made up of one or more cells

 

Term
What are three differences between plant and animal cells?
Definition
  1. Plant cells have cell walls and animal cells do not
  2. Plant cells have chloroplasts and animal cells do not
  3. Plant cells have one large vacuole and animal cells have many small vacuoles
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