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Cells
Living Environment Vocabulary for Cells Unit
28
Biology
10th Grade
05/14/2011

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Term
Cell Theory
Definition
1. All living things are made of one or more cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms. 3. All cells arise from existing cells.
Term
Cells
Definition
Basic units of structure and function in living organisms.
Term
Metabolism
Definition
Combination of all the chemical reactions that occur in an organism
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
Maintenance of internal stability
Term
Reproduction
Definition
Process of living things passing hereditary information to new organisms of the same type
Term
Cell Respiration
Definition
Process where nutrients are broken down into smaller units to release the chemical energy stored in them
Term
Synthesis
Definition
Process where simple substances are combined into complex substances
Term
Organic Molecules
Definition
Contain both carbon and hydrogen. Ex: DNA, protein, fats, and carbohydrates
Term
Inorganic Molecules
Definition
Does not contain both carbon and hydrogen. Ex: salts and minerals, most acids and bases, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water
Term
Organelles
Definition
Specialized structures which have specific life maintenance functions in most cells
Term
Tissues
Definition
Groups of specialized cells that have grouped together to expand how they function in multicellular organisms
Term
Organ
Definition
Different kinds of tissues that performs one of the life processes
Term
Organ System
Definition
Organs that work together to perform one of the life processes
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
Jellylike substance found in cells that contains the specialized structures of a cell
Term
Nucleus
Definition
Large structure that controls the metabolism and stores genetic information (DNA in chromosomes)
Term
Vacuoles
Definition
Storage sacs within the cytoplasm that contains wastes or materials
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
Tiny structures that are important in the process of making protein
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
Pod-shaped structures that contain enzymes and release most of the cell's energy
Term
Enzymes
Definition
Used to extract energy from nutrients
Term
Chloroplasts
Definition
In plant cells, they contain the green pigment chlorophyll and capture the light energy
Term
Cell Membrane
Definition
Thin structure that surrounds the cell and controls the transportation of materials in and out of the cell
Term
Diffusion
Definition
Movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
Term
Active Transport
Definition
Using energy from ATP to move molecules from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration
Term
Digestion
Definition
When too large and complex molecules, like proteins or starches, are broken down into simpler molecules
Term
Amino Acids
Definition
Result of the digestion of proteins
Term
Simple Sugars
Definition
Result of the digestion of starches
Term
Receptor Molecules
Definition
Prtoein molecules that can receive chemical messages from other cells
Term
Hormones
Definition
Chemicals produced in the endocrine glands
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