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cells
craft, J., Gordon, C., & Tiziani, A. (2011). Understanding pathophysiology. NSW: Elsevier
33
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
09/25/2014

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Term
what components do the mitochondria contain
Definition
mitochondria contain own DNA, RNA and ribosomes
Term
two functions of mitochondria
Definition
1) self replicate
2) synthesis ATP
Term
how is energy synthesised
Definition
obtained from the breakdown of glucose molecules and made into ATP molecules
Term
cristae of mitochondria
Definition
folds increasing surface area and therefore increasing number of sites to produce ATP
Term
what are lysosomes
Definition
purpose: storage vesicles that contain digestive enzymes. They are formed by pinching off of golgi apparatus. Have enzymes.
Term
lysosome function
Definition
Have enzymes that can break down and dispose of old or non-functional organelles and foreign substances
Term
describe golgi apparatus
Definition
are flattened membranes that are folded on each other. The folds bulge to form cavities called cisternae
Term
describe role of cisternae site of golgi apparatus
Definition
where secretory vesicles, necessary for cellular transport) are formed
Term
function of golgi apparatus
Definition
recieves lipids and proteins from the ER. Golgi apparatus modifies, packages and redistrubutes received substances to various parts of the cell
Term
role of smooth ER
Definition
produce phospholipids (lipids with phosphate attachments)
Term
why necessary to produce phospholipids
Definition
phospholipids are necessary in the cell membrane and performs other functions relating to specific type of cell
Term
role of rough ER
Definition
primarily responsible for protein production
Term
role of peroxisomes, compare to lysosomes
Definition
similar role to lysosomes, however contain different enzymes. Make up smaller vesicles than lysosomes and are involved in breakdown of amino acids and fatty acids
Term
by product of breakdown by peroxisomes
Definition
hydrogen peroxide
Term
role of cytoskeleton
Definition
provide cell structural integrity, whilst enabling flexibility
Term
make up of cytoskeleton
Definition
protein filaments make up the cytoskeleton
Term
4 functions of cell membrane (plasma membrane)
Definition
1) Structure
2) protection
3) storage
4) cell-cell interaction
Term
describe outer surface of cell
Definition
has dimple like indentations called cavoelae, which can serve as a storage site for receptors and provide route for transport into cell
Term
two major components of membranes
Definition
lipids and proteins
Term
composition of cell membrane bilayer
Definition
membrane bilayer consist mostly of phospholipids and cholesterol
Term
phospholipid composition
Definition
fatty acids which make up lipids and phosphate groups
Term
describe polarity of membrane bilayer
Definition
Each lipid molecule is polar. The tail of the lipid molecule is hydrophobic and is protected from water. The head is hydrophilic and is immersed in water. The differences in polarity organises the membrane into two layers
Term
cholesterol importance to cell membrane
Definition
maintain membrane permeability
Term
classification of protein (2)
Definition
1) integral membrane proteins
2) peripheral membrane proteins
Term
describe integral membrane proteins
Definition
are embedded in lipid bilayer, extending to the entire width of membrane.
Term
main function of integral membrane proteins
Definition
Act as a channel or pump to allow water-soluble substances to cross the
Term
CONT'd ...
Definition
Term
types of cell shapes
Definition
cubodial, columnar or squamous
Term
types of cell layering
Definition
simple, stratified or pseudostratified
Term
types of connective tissue
Definition
loose connective, dense fibrous, cartilage, bone, blood and bone marrow
Term
what do loose connective tissue include
Definition
adipose and reticular tissue
Term
types of muscle tissues
Definition
1) skeletal
2) cardiac
3) smooth muscle
Term
CONT'd/....
Definition
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