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Cells and Heredity
Cells and Heredity Vocabulary
22
Science
7th Grade
04/24/2013

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Term
Cells
Definition
The basic unit of structure and function in living things.
Term
Mendel
Definition
He was considered the "Father of Genetics". He did research on pea plants and discovered that traits are passed down from parents to offspring.
Term
Chromosomes
Definition
A double rod of condensed chromatin; contains DNA that carries genetic information.
Term
Trait
Definition
A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.
Term
Gene
Definition
A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait.
Term
Cell Membrane
Definition
A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.
Term
Nucleus
Definition
A cell structure that contains nucleic acids; the chemical instructions that direct all the cell's activities.
Term
Heredity
Definition
The passing of traits from parents to offspring.
Term
Genetics
Definition
The scientific study of heredity.
Term
Purebred
Definition
An offspring that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent.
Term
Hybrid
Definition
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait.
Term
Alleles
Definition
The different forms of a gene.
Term
Recessive alleles
Definition
An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present.
Term
Dominant allele
Definition
An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.
Term
Probability
Definition
The likelihood that a particular event will occur.
Term
Phenotype
Definition
An organism's physical appearance.
Term
Genotype
Definition
An organism's genetic makeup or allele combinations.
Term
DNA
Definition
Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring.
Term
Heterozygous
Definition
Having two different alleles for a trait.
Term
Homozygous
Definition
Having two identical alleles for a trait.
Term
Sperm cell
Definition
Sex cell passed down by the male.
Term
Egg cell
Definition
Sex cell passed down by the female.
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