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Details Title: Cell Description: Chapter 7 Total Flash Cards: 26 Created: 12/02/2004 17:02:52	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Scanning Electron Microscope Definition Gives a detailed study of the specimens surface Excites the electrons on the specimens surface Collects the electrons and focuses them on a screen Shows depth and field in 3D Kills specimens Capable of magnifying to more than 250,000X Term Transition Electron Microscope Definition Shows the internal ultrastructure of cells Uses an electron beam in a thin section, made from electromagnets Focuses and magnifies the image by bending the electron paths Term Dissecting Microscope Definition AKA-Binocular Has an ocular and objective lens for the eye Has a low magnification level, but is good for viewing large, opaque specimens in 3D Term Ultracentrifuge Definition A type of cell fractionation Can spin as fast as 130,000 rpm (approximately 1,000,000 Gs) Breaks cells apart without damaging organelles Starts slowly, then speeds up as unwanted materials are sorted out of the cell Term Microdissection instruments Definition Tiny instruments Used with the aid of a microscope Can be used to transplant organelles from cell to cell Term Staining Techniques Definition Helps to make cell structures clearly visible Due to different chemical makeups, cetain stains will only be absorbed by certain parts of the cell Different color stains may be used to color other parts of the cell Term Prokaryotes Definition No bound nucleus No membrane-bound organelles Smaller than eukaryotes Term Eukaryotes Definition Have a true nucleus A plasma membrane on their outer surface An internal membrane which partitions the cell into compartments Larger than prokaryotes Term Cell membrane Definition A membrane that encloses the cell Term Cell wall Definition Outer layer that holds the shape of the cell Only in plants Made of cellulose, polysaccharides, and protein Protects the cell from mechanical damage Term Nucleus Definition Includes: Chromatin Consists of DNA and proteins, visible as separate chromosomes when the cell divides Nucleolus Organelle that helps make ribosomes Non membranous Cell can have one or more Nuclear envelope Two tier membrane with pores that protect the nucleus Term Cytosol Definition The semi-fluid substance that holds the organelles Term Endoplasmic reticulum Definition Includes Both: Smooth Makes lipids Metabolizes carbohydrates Detoxifies drugs and poisons Takes calcium to and from muscles Makes hormones and enzymes Rough Secretory proteins Glycoproteins Other hormones and proteins Uses transport vesicles Grows in place by adding proteins and phospholipids Term Ribosomes Definition Made of ribosomal RNA and protein Carry out protein synthesis There are two types: Free Float in the Cytosol, used inside the Cytosol Bound Attached to the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope Proteins made are Inserted into membranes Packaged within organelles Exported from the cell Term Mitochondria Definition Organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated Term Lysosomes Definition Digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed Term Golgi apparatus Definition Organelle active in synthesis, sorting, and secretion of cell products Term Vacuoles Definition Food vacuoles Formed by phagocytosis (pinching off food) Contractile vacuole Pumps excess water out of a cell Central vacuole Is in mature plant cells Enclosed by tonoplast Term Peroxisomes Definition Organelle with various specialized metabolic functions Produces hydrogen peroxide Term Microtubules Definition A fiber of the cytoskeleton Thickest type of cytoskeleton fiber Hollow rods or tubes Made of tubulin Give the cell shape and support Tracks for locomotive organelles Separation of chromosomes during cell division Term Microfilaments Definition Made of actin Twisted double chains of actin Bear the tension of the cell structure Acts by itself or with myosin to cause cell contraction In the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells Term Chloroplasts Definition An organelle found in only plants and photosynthetic protests Absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water Term Other Plastids Definition One of a family of closely related plant organelles Includes chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and amyloplasts(leucoplasts) Term Intercellular junctions in plants Definition Organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems Help integrate cells into higher levels of structure and function Perforated with channels called plasmodesmata Cytosol passes through these pores Term Intercellular junctions in animals Definition Organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems Help integrate cells into higher levels of structure and function Three types Tight junctions The membranes of neighboring cells are fused Desmosomes Fasten cells together into strong sheets Gap junctions Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells Term Plant cells Definition Contain chloroplasts Is perforated with plasmodesmata Has a cell wall Has a central vacuole and tonoplast Have no lysosomes Have no centrioles Have no flagella