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Cell Vocabulary
vocabulary
33
Biology
10th Grade
09/10/2013

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Term
cell
Definition
Basic unit of all forms of life
Term
Cell theory
Definition
fundamental concept of biology that states that all living things are composed of cells; that cells are the besic units of structure and function in living things; and that new cells are produced from existing cells
Term
cell membrane
Definition
thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
Term
nucleus
Definition
the center of an atom, which contains the protons and neutrons (34); in cells, structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA
Term
eukaryote
Definition
organism whose cells contain a nucleus
Term
prokaryote
Definition
unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
in eukaryotic cells, all cellular contents outside the nucleus; in prokaryotic cells, all of the cells' contents
Term
oraganelle
Definition
specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a cell
Term
vacuole
Definition
cell organelle that stores material such as water, salts, proteins,and carbohydrates.
Term
lysosome
Definition
cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell
Term
cytoskeleton
Definition
network of protein filaments in a eukaryotic cell that gives the cell its shape and internal organization and its involved in movement
Term
centriole
Definition
structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division
Term
ribosome
Definition
cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein
Term
endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells; place where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled
Term
golgi apparatus
Definition
organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell
Term
chloroplast
Definition
organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
Term
mitochondrion
Definition
cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell use
Term
cell wall
Definition
strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells
Term
lipid bilayer
Definition
flexible double-layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings
Term
selectively permeable
Definition
property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot; also called semipermeable membrane
Term
diffusion
Definition
process by which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated
Term
facilitated diffusion
Definition
process of diffusion in which molecules pass across the membrane through cell membrane channels
Term
aquaporin
Definition
water channel protein in cell
Term
osmosis
Definition
diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Term
hypertonic
Definition
when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes
Term
isotonic
Definition
when the concentration of two solutions is the same
Term
hypotonic
Definition
when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes
Term
osmotic pressure
Definition
pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement across a selectively permeable membrane
Term
homeostasis
Definition
relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain
Term
tissue
Definition
group of similar cells that perform a particular function
Term
organ
Definition
group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions
Term
organ system
Definition
group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
Term
receptor
Definition
on or in a cell, a specific protein to whose shape fits that of a specific molecular messenger, such as a hormone
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