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Cell Unit
cell functions and basic knowledge
45
Biology
9th Grade
02/10/2009

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Term
Who was the first person to describe and observe microscopic organisms and living cells?
Definition
Leeuwenhoek
Term
Cell Theory= 1.)______________2.)________________________3.)_______________________-
Definition
1.)Cells are the basic unit of life
2.)All organisms are made of one or more cells
3.)All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Term
How many types of cells does a human body contain?
Definition
200
Term
Three basic features of all cells-
Definition
1.) nuclear material
2.) cell membrane
3.) cytoplasm (ribosome)
Term
prokaryotic cells include:
eukaryoric cells include:
Definition
1.) bacteria and archaea
2.) Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista
Term
3 basic features of all cells
Definition
1.) nuclear material
2.) cell membrane
3.) cytoplasm (ribosomes)
Term
1.) jellylike mixture that consists mostly of water
2.) suspended in the cytosol, carry out functions of cell
Definition
1.) cytosol
2.) organelles
Term
only organelle that does not have a membrane around it; floats in cytoplasm and ER; it is a ___________
Definition
ribosome; protein synthesis
Term
produces lipids and detoxifies poisons and drugs; helps muscles contract
Definition
Smooth ER
Term
a series of flattened, stacked, membrane sacs; it modifies, sorts, packages, and secretes molecules
Definition
Golgi apparatus
Term
this organelle is found in the nucleus
Definition
nucleolus
Term
directs cells activities, acts as the control center of the cell; surrounded by a ____________ layered membrane
Definition
nucleus; double
Term
this is a stringy form of chromosomes
Definition
chromatin
Term
network of membrane sacs and tubules; two different types
Definition
endoplasmic reticulum
Term
Smooth ER does contain ribosomes, and the Rough ER does not. TRUE OR FALSE?
Definition
false
Term
products antibodies and involved in membrane producion
Definition
Rough ER
Term
made from old pieces of the golgi; bag of hydrolytic enzymes
Definition
lysosomes
Term
what is autophagy?
Definition
the self destruction of cells
Term
saclike structure; used to store water and ions
Definition
vacuole
Term
double membrane structure; out membrane is smooth while the inner is folded. these folds are called....
Definition
mitochondria; cristae
Term
what does a mitochondria do?
Definition
it converts glucose to ATP and cellular respiration center
Term
pigment containing organelles
Definition
plastids
Term
straight hollow rods that support and help move organelles around the cell; can form centrides
Definition
microtubules
Term
this controls what enters and leaves the cell; acts as a gate
Definition
cell membrane
Term
Cell membranes are made mostly of ____________________
Definition
phospholipid molecules
Term
nonpolar lipid tails-----polar lipid tails---------
Definition
1. hydrophobic
2. hydrophilic
Term
proteins attached to the surface of the cell membrane but no embedded
Definition
peripheral proteins
Term
proteins embedded in the phospholipid bilayer; many different kinds
Definition
integral proteins
Term
proteins that make recognition sites and serve as ID badges so other cells can recognize it
Definition
cell surface proteins
Term
1.)proteins that allow other molecules to attach
2.) some act as channels or pores thru which molecules pass through
Definition
1.) receptor
2.) transport
Term
proteins in or on the cell membrane from patterns or.........
Definition
mosaics
Term
the net movement of molecules form an area of greater concentration to an area of lower concentration
Definition
diffusion
Term
the difference between the concentration of a particular molecule in one area and the concentration of it in the adjacent area
Definition
concentration gradient
Term
Diffusion always occurs down or up a concentration gradient?
Definition
down
Term
the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane
Definition
osmosis
Term
Water moves toward the more __________ solute area, while the solute tends to move the ____ concentrated solute area
Definition
concentrated; less
Term
when the concentration of solute is greater outside the cell
Definition
hyper-osmotic
Term
when the concentration of solute is lower outside the cell than inside
Definition
hypo-osmotic
Term
water moves where there is less solute. True or False?
Definition
false
Term
when the concentration is equal on the inside and outside of a cell
Definition
iso-osmotic
Term
Is energy required for Passive Transport? why or why not?
Definition
yes, because it is going down the concentration gradient
Term
the paternal and maternal chromosomes
Definition
homologs
Term
different versions of homologs
Definition
alleles
Term
pictures of homologous chromosomes lined up for the longest to shortest, and sex chromosomes at the end (x, y)
Definition
karyotype
Term
process of replicating the nucleus; makes exact copies of the nucleus in preparation for cell division
Definition
mitosis
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