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Cell stuff
Just the foot stomping slides
34
Physiology
Undergraduate 1
04/12/2010

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Term
Plasma Membrane
Definition
--A phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the cell.
-- Plays a dynamic role in cellular activity.
-- Separates intracellular fluid (ICF) from extracellular fluid.
Term
Concentration Gradient
Definition
established when one solution is Hypotonic and the other is Hypertonic.
-- The steeper (greater) the gradient (difference in concentration) the Faster the rate of diffusion.
Term
Tonicity
Definition
-The ability of a solution to cause a cell to shrink or swell
Term
Isotonic
Definition
A solution with the same solute concentration as that of the cytoplasm or other solution.
Term
Hypertonic
Definition
Solution having greater solute concentration than that of the cytoplasm or other solution
Term
Hypotonic
Definition
Solution having lesser solute concentration than that of the cytoplasm or other solution
Term
what happens if a red blood cell is put in a hypotonic solution?
Definition
Swell and Burst
Term
Red Blood Cell is placed in a Hypertonic Solution
Definition
Shrivel (crenate)
Term
Red Blood Cell in ISOTONIC solution
Definition
Nothing.
Term
Sodium Potassium Pump
NA+ K+ ATPase
Definition
Occurs in all plasma membranes
-Involved in primary and secondary active transport of nutrients and ions
-Maintains Electrochemical gradients essential for functions of muscle and nerve tissues.
--- Sodium is REQUIRED for proper conduction of ALL muscle contractions & nervous impulses
Term
_________ is the #1 extracellular positive ION
Definition
Sodium
Term
_________ being the #1 intracellular positive ion (cation)
Definition
Potassium
Term
Sodium lab values:
Definition
135-145
Term
Potassium (K+)
Definition
3.5 - 5.0
Term
Exocytosis
Definition
Transport out of cell
Term
Endocytosis
Definition
transport into cell
Term
Transcytosis
Definition
transport into, across, and then out of cell
Term
Substance trafficking
Definition
transport from one area or organelle in cell to another
Term
Pinocytosis
Definition
cell drinking
Term
Phagocytosis
Definition
Cell eating
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
-Double membrane structure with selflike cristae
-Provide most of cells ATP via aerobic cellular respiration
-Contain their own DNA and RNA (passed down through maternal line)
*Mitochondria=powerhouse of the cell=ATP production*
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
-Granules containing protein and rRNA
- Site of Protein synthesis
- Free ribosomes synthesize soluble proteins
- Membrane bound ribosomes synthesize proteins to be incorporated into membranes or exported from the cell.
- tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosomes for protein formation -
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
Spherical membranous bags containing digestive enzymes
-Digest ingested bacteria, viruses, toxins
- Degrade nonfunctional organelles
- Break down and release glycogen
-Break down bone to release Ca2+
-Destroy cells in injured or nonuseful tissue
**if your Lysosome bursts, your cell DIES**
Term
Micro-villi
Definition
-Finger like extensions of plasma membrane
-increase surface area for absorption
- core of actin filaments for stiffening
Term
Cell Division
Definition
Two distinct events: Mitosis & Cytokinesis
Term
mitosis
Definition
1. Results in an equal number of Chromosomes in each daughter cells
2. There are 4 stages of nuclear division.
Term
4 stages of of nuclear division
Definition
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Term
Transfer RNAs
Definition
Brings Amino Acids to the "factory" site (ribosomes) for protein formation"
-Bind to amino acids and apir with bases of codons of mRNA at ribosome to begin process of protein synthesis.
Term
Cell division phases
Definition
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Term
Prophase
Definition
Chromosomes become visible connect to centromere. Centrosomes separate and migrate toward opposite poles.
Term
Metaphase
Definition
-centromeres of chromosomes are aligned at the equator.
-This plane midway between the poles is called the metaphase plate.
Term
Anaphase
Definition
-Shortest phase
-Centromeres of chromosome split
-Chromosomes are pulled toward poles by motor proteins of kinetochores
Polar micro tubules continue forcing the poles apart.
Term
Telophase
Definition
-Chromosome movement stops
-The two sets of chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin
-New nuclear membrane forms around each chromatin mass
-Nucleoli reappear
-Spindle disappears.
Term
Telophase
Definition
-Chromosome movement stops
-The two sets of chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin
-New nuclear membrane forms around each chromatin mass
-Nucleoli reappear
-Spindle disappears.
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