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Cell Structure and Function
Ch. 4
62
Biology
10th Grade
10/08/2015

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Term
Actin Filament
Definition
Component of the cytoskeleton; plays a role in the movement of the cell and its organelles; a protein filament in a sarcomere of a muscle, its movement shortens the sarcomere, yielding muscle contraction.
Term
Archaean
Definition
Prokaryotic organisms that are members of the domain of bacteria that are older. Scientists say that these were around before modern bacteria.
Term
Bacillus
Definition
A rod-shaped bacterium; also a genus of bacteria
Term
Basal Body
Definition
A cytoplasmic structure that is located at the base of--and may organize--cilia or flagella.
Term
Capsule
Definition
A form of glycoalyx that consists of a gelatinous layer; found in blue-green algae and some bacteria.
Term
Cell
Definition
The smallest unit of life that displays all the properties of life; composed of cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane.
Term
Cell Envelope
Definition
In a prokaryotic cell, the portion composed of the plasma membrane, the cell wall, and the glycocalyx.
Term
Cell Theory
Definition
One of the major theories of Biology, which states that all organisms are made up of cells; cells are capable of self-reproduction and come only from preexisting cells.
Term
Cell Wall
Definition
Cellular structure that surrounds a plant, protistan, fungal, or bacterial cell and maintains the cell's shape and rigidity; composed of polysaccharides.
Term
Central Vacuole
Definition
In a plant cell, a large, fluid-filled sack that stores metabolites. During growth, it enlarges, forcing the primary cell wall to expand, and the cell S.A. to Vol. ratio to increase.
Term
Centriole
Definition
Cell structure, existing in pairs, that occurs in the centrosome and may help organize a mitotic spindle for chromosome movement during animal cell division.
Term
Centrosome
Definition
Central microtubule organizing center of cells. In animal cells, it contains two centrioles.
Term
Cilium
Definition
Short, hairlike projections from the plasma membrane, occuring usually in larger numbers.
Term
Coccus
Definition
A spherical shaped bacteria.
Term
Conjugation Pili
Definition
In a bacterium, elongated, hollow appendage used to transfer DNA into other cells.
Term
Cristae
Definition
Short, fingerlike projections formed by the folding of the inner membrane of mitochondria.
Term
Cyanobacteria
Definition
Photosynthetic bacterium that contains chlorophyll and releases oxygen; formerly called a blue-green alga.
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
Region of a cell between the nucleus, of the nucleoid region of a bacterium, and the plasma membrane; contains that organelles of the cell.
Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition
Internal framework of the cell, consisting of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments.
Term
Endomembrane System
Definition
Cellular system that consists of the nuclear envelope, E.R., golgi, and vesicles.
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)
Definition
Term
Endosymbiotic Theory
Definition
Term
Eukaryotic Cell
Definition
Term
Fimbriae
Definition
Term
Flagellum (pl., flagella)
Definition
Term
Gene
Definition
Term
Glycocalyx
Definition
Term
Golgi Apparatus
Definition
Term
Granum
Definition
Term
Intermediate Filament
Definition
Term
Leucoplast
Definition
Term
Lysosome
Definition
Term
Matrix
Definition
Term
Mesosome
Definition
Term
Microtubule
Definition
Term
Mitochondrion
Definition
Term
Motor Molecule
Definition
Term
Nuclear Envelope
Definition
Term
Nuclear Pore
Definition
Term
Nucleoid
Definition
Term
Nucleolus
Definition
Term
Nucleoplasm
Definition
Term
Organelle
Definition
Term
Peroxisome
Definition
Term
Plasma Membrane
Definition
Term
Plasmid
Definition
Term
Plastid
Definition
Term
Polyribosome
Definition
Term
Prokaryotic Cell
Definition
Term
Ribosome
Definition
Term
Rough E.R.
Definition
Term
Secretion
Definition
Term
Signal Peptide
Definition
Term
Smooth E.R.
Definition
Term
Spirillum
Definition
Term
Spirochete
Definition
Term
Stroma
Definition
Term
S.A. to Vol. Ratio
Definition
Term
Thykaloid
Definition
Term
Vector
Definition
Term
Vacuole
Definition
Term
Vesicle
Definition
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