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Cell Structure and Function
Exam 1 Material, Cell Structure and Function
21
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
05/10/2013

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

types of morphology of prokaryotes

Definition
  • cocci
  • diplococci
  • rod
  • sarcinae
  • spirochete
Term

composition of a membrane

Definition

50% lipid

50% protein

Term

lipid structure

Definition
  • phosphate head, stays outside of the cell (hydrophilic)
  • hydrophobic fatty acid tail that line up in the middle of the membrane
  • make a permeability layer
Term

types of membrane associated proteins

Definition
  • transmembrane proteins
  • intregal membrane proteins
  • peripheral membrane proteins
  • lypoprotein
Term

transmembrane proteins

Definition

span from the lower layer of the membrane, through the center, all the way to the upper layer of the membrane

Term

intregal membrane proteins

Definition

only associated with one side of the membrane

Term

peripheral membrane proteins

Definition

associated with the outside of one side of the membrane, not inside the membrane

Term

lypoprotein

Definition

protein with a fatty acid attached to it

Term

passive transport

Definition
  • molecules are going down the concentration gradient
  • high concentration to low concentration
  • because of entropy, it happens naturally, no energy needed
Term

two types of passive transport

Definition
  • simple diffusion
  • facillitated diffusion
Term

simple diffusion

Definition
  • molecules cross the membrane on their own
  • only allows small, non polar or slightly polar ions to pass
  • no energy needed
Term

facillitated diffusion

Definition
  • molecules are carried by channel/carrier proteins from one side of the membrane to the other
  • no energy needed
Term

active transport

Definition
  • molecules are pushed up the concentration gradient
  • low concentration to high concentration
  • requires energy to occur
Term

types of active transport

Definition
  • simple transport
  • group translocation
  • ABC transporter
Term

simple transport

Definition
  • uses PMF as its energy
  • results in a high concentration of protons on the outside
Term

proton motive force

Definition
  • PMF
  • pool of potential energy that the cell builds up by pumping protons from the INSIDE to the OUTSIDE of the cell
  • the high concentration of protons on the outside of the cell want to move inside, which generates energy
Term

group translocation

Definition
  • uses PTS (phosphotransferase system)
  • uses PEP for energy
Term

ABC transporter

Definition
  • stands for ATP-Binding Cassette
  • ATP is the energy source
  • uses 3 proteinsĀ 
  1. makes the channel
  2. peripheral protein hydrolyzes ATP to generate energy
  3. binds to the transported molecule
Term

peptidoglycan

Definition
  • made up of 2 chains of alternativing NAG/NAM groups, with a peptide coming off of each
  • the branches of peptides face each other and crosslink at some point
  • used by the PMF to maintain the energy sourceĀ 
  • has teichoic acids throughout that hold the protons in the peptidoglycan layer
  • can find L-Ala, D-Ala, D-Glu, Dpm
Term

lysozyme

Definition
  • an enzyme
  • found in saliva
  • degrades peptidoglycan, which breaks down the cell wall
Term

Penicillin

Definition
  • antibiotic
  • effective in disrupting peptidoglycan synthesis (by blocking crosslinking)
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