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Cell Structure
Definitions
16
Biology
9th Grade
10/10/2012

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Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
-Portion of the outside of the nucleus.
-Jelly-like substance.
Term
Organelles
Definition
-"Little organs"
-Specialized organs
Term
Nucleus
Definition
-Contains nearly all the cell's DNA
(Coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules)
Term
Vacuoles
Definition
-Sack like membrane enclosed structures
-Stores materials like H20, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
-Like an IV filled with fluid
Term
Vesicle
Definition
-Smaller membrane enclosed structure "empty"
-Stores and moves materials between cell organelles; to and from the cell surface
-Like a suitcase
-Carries proteins
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
-Small organelles filled with enzymes
-Breaks down lipids, carbs, and proteins, so the cell can use them
-Also breaks down old and unwanted organelles
Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition
-Helps maintain shape and provides support
Term
Centrioles
Definition
-Located near the nucleus and help cell division
Term
Ribosomes
Free- Proteins stay in cell
Attached- Proteins leave cell
Definition
-Makes proteins
-Produces proteins by following coded instructions that come from DNA
Term
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
Ribosomes are attached; Produces large amounts of proteins for export
Term
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
Contains enzymes that make lipids and detoxify unwanted substances
Term
Golgi Apparatus
Definition
-Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from ER for storage in cell
Term
Chloroplasts
Definition
-Capture energy from the sun and convert it into food
-Plant cells only
-Photosynthesis
-Chlorophill
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
-Converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that the cell can use
-Cellular Respiration
Term
Cell Wall
Definition
-Strong supporting layer around the membrane
-Animal cells do not have cell walls
Term
Lipid Bilayer
Definition
-Cell membrane
-Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
-Protects and supports the cell
-Selectively permeable:Only lets certain things in and out of the cells
-Polar and nonpolar
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